Figure 6.

Intestinal levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-8 (A,D,G), TNF-α (B,E,H) and IL-10 (C,F,I) in the jejunum (A–C), ileum (D–F), and colon (G–I) of the gnotobiotic piglets: germ-free (GF), infected with S. Typhimurium LT2 for 24 h (LT2), associated with B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB12), and associated with BB12 and infected with LT2 for 24 h (BB12 + LT2). The values are presented as boxes indicating the lower and upper quartiles, the central line is the median, and the ends of the whiskers depict the minimal and maximal values. Statistical differences were calculated by the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison post hoc test, and p < 0.05 are denoted with different letters above the columns. Six samples in each group were analyzed.