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. 2021 Feb 11;9(2):183. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9020183

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Plasmatic levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-8 (A), TNF-α (B) and IL-10 (C) in the gnotobiotic piglets: germ-free (GF), infected with S. Typhimurium LT2 for 24 h (LT2), associated with B. animalis subsp. lactis BB12 (BB12), and associated with BB12 and infected with LT2 for 24 h (BB12 + LT2). The values are presented as boxes indicating the lower and upper quartiles, the central line is the median, and the ends of the whiskers depict the minimal and maximal values. Statistical differences were calculated by the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison post hoc test, and p < 0.05 are denoted with different letters above the columns. Six samples in each group were analyzed.