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. 2021 Feb 13;18(4):1838. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041838

Table 3.

Associations between biomarkers of prenatal phthalate exposure and physical reasoning among 159 IKIDS infants assessed at 4.5 months.

Main Effect Females (n = 78) Males (n = 81)
Exposure Measure N β Estimate 95% Confidence Interval β Estimate 95% Confidence Interval β Estimate 95% Confidence Interval
Phthalates (16–18 weeks gestation sample) 1
MEP (μg\L) 158 0.3 −0.3, 0.9 0.4 −0.5, 1.2 −2.5 −4.4, −0.6
Σ DEHP (µmol/L) 158 0.2 −0.6, 1.1 0.5 −0.6, 1.6 −0.1 −1.4, 1.2
Σ DINP (µmol/L) 158 0.004 −0.2, 0.2 0.06 −0.1, 0.2 −0.2 −0.5, 0.2
Σ Anti-Androgenic (µmol/L) 158 −0.2 −1.0, 0.6 0.02 −0.9, 0.9 −1.1 −2.9, 0.7
Σ All phthalates (µmol/L) 158 0.2 −0.8, 1.1 0.7 −0.3, 1.8 −2.3 −4.4, −0.2
Phthalates (Pooled sample)
MEP (μg\L) 159 0.3 −0.3, 0.8 1 0.3, 1.7 −1.9 −4.2, 0.3
Σ DEHP (µmol/L) 159 0.2 −0.8, 1.2 −0.7 −2.6, 1.1 0.6 −0.6, 1.7
Σ DINP 2 (µmol/L) 158 −0.3 −0.7, 0.2 0.05 −0.6, 0.7 −1 −1.8, −0.1
Σ Anti-Androgenic (µmol/L) 159 −0.3 −1.0, 0.4 −0.2 −0.9, 0.5 −1.2 −3.5, 1.1
Σ All phthalates (µmol/L) 159 0.04 −0.8, 0.9 0.7 −0.3, 1.7 −1.7 −3.2, −0.1

1 Phthalate metabolites for the 16–18-week urine were not available for one observation. 2 Model had a potential influential point removed (defined as Cook’s D values > 0.1). Values bolded were sex by exposure interaction was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05).