Figure 1.

Atorvastatin mitigates radiation-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. (A) Tube formation in atorvastatin-treated irradiated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Representative images of HUVECs seeded on Matrigel in the presence (Atorva) or absence of atorvastatin (left). Total segment length (middle) and number of master junctions (right) were quantified and plotted. (B) Invasion in atorvastatin-treated irradiated HUVECs. Representative images of migrated HUVECs on trans-wells (upper). Cells that invaded were quantified and plotted (lower). The invaded cells in nine randomly selected fields were counted under a light microscope. Bars represent the percentage of invaded cells normalized to that of the corresponding control. (C) Senescence-associated (SA) β-galactosidase activity in atorvastatin-treated irradiated HUVECs. Representative images were obtained by light microscopy. Senescent cells were quantified and plotted (lower). Data are presented as the mean of ± standard deviation of triplicate experiments. Images are representative of 3 independent experiments. * p < 0.05 vs. negative control (Con), ^# p < 0.05 vs. irradiated control (IR). Scale bars represent 100 μm.