Table 2.

Fatty acid composition (g/100 g dry matter, mean ± SD, duplicate analysis with composite sampling process) of different Vespa species broods. Superscripts indicate a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) for selected predominating fatty acids.

	China			Korea
	Vespa velutina	Vespa mandarinia	Vespa basalis	Vespa velutina
Saturated Fatty Acids
Capric acid	ND	ND	ND	<0.01
Lauric acid	0.2 ± 0.04	0.2 ± 0.04	0.1 ± 0.02	0.3 ± 0.02
Tridecanoic acid	ND	ND	ND	0.01 ± 0.00
Myristic acid	0.7 ± 0.14 a	0.5 ± 0.17 ab	0.3 ± 0.06 b	0.8 ± 0.11 a
Palmitic acid	3.7 ± 0.49 a	4.3 ± 0.24 a	3.5 ± 0.01 a	3.5 ± 0.28 a
Heptadecanoic acid	0.02 ± 0.00	0.02 ± 0.00	0.04 ± 0.00	0.02 ± 0.00
Stearic acid	0.9 ± 0.06	1.0 ± 0.17	1.2 ± 0.01	0.7 ± 0.00
Arachidic acid	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.03	0.2 ± 0.02	0.1 ± 0.00
Behenic acid	ND	0.1 ± 0.02	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.00
Lignoceric acid	ND	0.01 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.00	0.1 ± 0.01
Subtotal	5.6 ± 0.71 a	6.2 ± 0.21 a	5.4 ± 0.05 a	5.4 ± 0.42 a
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids
Myristoleic acid	0.02 ± 0.01	ND	ND	0.03 ± 0.01
Palmitoleic acid	0.4 ± 0.10	0.2 ± 0.05	0.1 ± 0.00	0.4 ± 0.06
cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid	0.01 ± 0.02	ND	ND	0.01 ± 0.00
Oleic acid	4.1 ± 0.44 b	5.6 ± 0.55 a	5.3 ± 0.29 a	4.1 ± 0.28 b
cis-11-Eocosenic acid	ND	0.1 ± 0.06	0.14 ± 0.027	0.5 ± 0.01
Subtotal	4.6 ± 0.56 a	5.9 ± 0.56 a	5.6 ± 0.31 a	5.1 ± 0.37 a
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Linoleic acid	0.6 ± 0.11 b	6.8 ± 3.09 a	9.5 ± 1.96 a	0.6 ± 0.02 b
Linolenic acid	0.8 ± 0.11	1.2 ± 0.30	1.8 ± 0.01	ND
Arachidonic acid	0.04 ± 0.03	ND	ND	0.02 ± 0.00
cis-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic acid	0.03 ± 0.02	ND	ND	ND
Subtotal	1.4 ± 0.05 b	8.1 ± 3.39 a	11.2 ± 1.98 a	0.6 ± 0.04 b
Total	11.5 ± 1.31 b	20.1 ± 3.75 a	22.2 ± 2.25 a	11.1 ± 0.82 b

ND = Not detected. Superscripts indicate significant difference (p ≤ 0.05).