Skip to main content
. 2021 Feb 11;14(4):871. doi: 10.3390/ma14040871
Ad Measured cross-sectional area of the deposited filament (mm2)
D Diameter of the just extruded strand (also diameter of nozzle) (mm)
De Diameter of the strand if there is no deposition deformation (mm)
E Viscous dissipation
Fa Axial force at the beginning of the suspended extrudate
Fb Axial force at the end of the suspended extrudate
F Axial force acting over the cross-section of the suspended extrudate
Fx Reaction force applied by the substrate to the extrudate along the x direction
Fy Reaction force applied by the substrate to the extrudate along the y direction
g Acceleration of gravity (m/s2)
G Weight of the suspended extrudate
h Gap between two molding plates (mm)
H Distance between the nozzle head and the build platform (mm)
K Shear consistency index (Pa sn)
L Extensional consistency index (Pa sm)
l0 Distance between A and B
l1 Compressed width of the deposited filament’s bottom surface (mm)
l2 Compressed width of the deposited filament’s top surface (mm)
lb Bonding width between two stacked filaments (mm)
m Extensional thinning (or thickening) index
n Shear thinning (or thickening) index
Q Amount of material extruded per unit time
s Arc length (mm)
tc Characteristic time of forming the compressed portion
Tr Trouton ratio
U Clamping speed in compression molding (mm/s)
Ue Extrusion speed (mm/s)
Us Moving speed of the nozzle head (mm/s)
Us Speed of the extrudate (mm/s)
V Characteristic volume of the extrudate’s compressed portion
Vcomp Compressed volume of the extrudate (mm3)
W Work done by Fy
Greek letters
ψx Inclination of the centerline to the horizontal surface
γ Surface tension (mN m−1)
ρ Mass density (kg m−3)
δ1 Compressed depth of the deposited filament’s bottom surface (mm)
δ2 Compressed depth of the deposited filament’s top surface (mm)
ø Dissipation function
δ01 Compressed depth of the extrudate’s bottom during the collision (mm)