Table 2.

AQPs’ involvement in inflammatory diseases.

Gene	Animal Model	Tissue	Stimuli	Effect on AQPs	Disease/Condition	Reference
AQP1	Rat	Lung	LPS	↑	Lung injury	[50]
	Rat	Lung	Ventilation	↓	Lung injury	[51]
	Mouse	Lung	LPS	↓	Lung injury	[54]
	Mouse	Heart	LPS	↓	Heart dysfunction	[78]
	Mouse	Kidney	LPS	↓	Acute kidney injury	[85]
	Rat	Bone	Ligament/meniscus resection	↑	Osteoarthritis	[56,57,86]
AQP2	Mouse	Intestine	MgSO4	↑	Diarrhea	[71]
	Rat	Kidney	Escherichia coli endotoxin	↓	Acute kidney injury	[81]
	Rat	Kidney	LPS	↓/↑/↑	Acute kidney injury	[80,83,84]
AQP3	Mouse	Lung	Ovalbumin	↑	Asthma	[64]
	Rat	Intestine	TNBS	↓	Colitis	[65]
	Mouse	Colon	DSS	↓	Colitis	[67]
	Mouse	Intestine	MgSO4	↑	Diarrhea	[71]
	Mouse	Skin	IL-23	↑	Psoriasis	[73]
AQP4	Mouse	Lung	HCl; Ventilation	↓	Lung injury	[53]
	Rat	Brain	hypoxia	↑	Brain edema	[63]
	Mouse	Brain	LPS	↑	Sepsis	[59]
	Mouse	Brain	MPTP/probenecid PD model	↓	Parkinson’s disease	[62]
	Mouse	Colon	DSS	↓	Colitis	[66]
	Mouse	Caecum	DSS	↑	Colitis	[68]
	Mouse	Intestine	5-FU	↓	Diarrhea	[70]
AQP5	Rat	Lung	Hyperoxia	↓	Lung injury	[52]
	Mouse	Lung	LPS	↓	Lung injury	[53]
	Mouse	Lung	LPS	↓	Lung injury	[54]
AQP7	Mouse	Colon	DSS	↓	Colitis	[66]
	Rat	Endocrine pancreas	LPS/ TNFα	↓/↑	Endocrine pancreas dysfunction	[74]
AQP8	Rat	Colon	TNBS	↓	Colitis	[65]
	Mouse	Colon	TNBS, DSS, CD4CD4RB transfer	↓	Colitis	[87]
	Mouse	Colon	DSS	↓	Colitis	[66]
	Mouse	Intestine	5-FU	↓	Diarrhea	[70]
	Rat	Liver	LPS	↓	Cholestasis	[75]
AQP9	Mouse	Lung	LPS; Ventilation	↑	Lung injury	[53]
AQP12	Rat	Endocrine pancreas	LPS; TNFα	↑	Endocrine pancreas dysfunction	[74]

AQP, aquaporin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TNBS, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium; IL-23, interleukin-23; MPTP, 1-metil-4-fenil-1,2,3,6-tetraidropiridina; PD, Parkinson’s disease; 5-FU, fluorouracil; CD4, cluster of differentiation 4; CD4RB, receptor linked protein tyrosine phosphatase encoding B determinant; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; ↓, dowregulation; ↑, upregulation.