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The FE-SEM surface morphologies for each material and surface pretreatment condition: (A) Co-Cr; (B) Y-TZP; (C) Ce-TZP/A; (D) PEEK; (E) PEKK. The column was the surface pretreatment condition (NP, non-treatment; SB, sandblasting pretreatment using 50 μm mean particle size alumina (Al2O3) particles; PR, primer; AP, both sandblasting and primer). The scale bar is 50 μm (magnifications of 500), and the width of the small, enlarged picture is equal to 2.5 μm (magnifications of 2000).
