The effect of LSF on adaptive immune cell populations. Flow cytometric gating strategy (A) and the proportion of T cells (B) and B cells (C) (n = 9) displayed as a proportion of total lymphocyte populations. The median ± IQR range is presented. The medium control was used as the control group for comparisons with the TLR-stimulated groups; the DMSO control was used as the vehicle control for comparison with the LSF treatments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared to the respective untreated control, with statistical analysis performed using a non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Legend: • Control/LPS/IMQ, 10 µM LSF, • 50 µM LSF, • DMSO. Abbreviation: CD, cluster of differentiation; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; IMQ, imiquimod; IQR, inter-quartile range; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LSF, L-sulforaphane; TLR, toll-like receptor.