Table 5.
Mineral composition in stingless bee bee bread.
| Bee Species | Country | Instrument | K | P | Na | Mg | Ca | Mn | Fe | Cu | Zn | Se | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heterotrigona itama | Malaysia | ICP-MS | 6524.9 | 6402.28 | 139.70 | 1635.4 | 1547.31 | 61.66 | 126.43 | 12.7671 | 60.62 | 0.26 | [22] |
| Tetragonula laeviceps | Brazil | ICP-OES | 5656.0 | – | 89.9 | 1160.0 | 2566.0 | – | – | – | – | – | [80] |
| Tetragonula testaceitarsis | 4594.7 | – | 133.5 | 1318.0 | 2904.0 | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Lepidotrigona terminata | 4606.3 | – | 77.2 | 1176.0 | 2507.3 | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Lepidotrigona flavibasis | 5125.7 | – | 81.7 | 1315.3 | 2719.7 | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Melipona subnitida | Brazil | FAAS | 5918.5–13,366.6 | – | – | 975.4–2166.1 | 1864.1–3424.9 | 35.1–75.0 | 16.4–33.5 | 0.8–1.9 | 36.4–71.2 | – | [87] |
| Scaptotrigona mexicana | Mexico | ICP-OES | 2222.5–2836.9 | 2736.1–3657.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [86] |
| Tetragonula biroi | Philippines | ICP-MS | – | – | – | 1763.58–2407.65 | 3780.28–5186.89 | 42.58–266.90 | 70.37–123.77 | 9.52–12.02 | 45.16–56.25 | – | [83] |
K: potassium, P: phosphorus, Na: sodium, Mg: magnesium, Ca: calcium, Mn: manganese, Fe: iron, Cu: copper, Zn: zinc, Se: selenium; ICP: inductively coupled plasma, MS: mass spectrometry, OES: optical emission spectrometry, FAAS: flame atomic absorption spectrometry.