Table A1.
Psidium species: essential oil composition
| Species | Occurrence | Plant Part/ Extraction Type |
Primary Components (>5%) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P. acutangulum | Boa vista-Bonfim Road, Roraima, Brazil | Leaf/stems (HD) | α-pinene (14.8%), 1,8-cineole (12.9%), and β-pinene (10.1%) | [56] |
| P. brownianum | Crato, CE, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | β-eudesmol (27.1%), 1,8-cineole (24.7%), α-elemol (11.8%), α-pinene (11.4%), guaiol (9.1%), and β-pinene (8.4%) | [103] |
| P. cattleyanum | Moorea Island, Haapiti, French Polynesia | Leaf (HD) | Profile I (caryophyllane): E-caryophyllene (31.5%) | [36] |
| P. cattleyanum | Arizona, USA | Leaf (SD) | Profile II (caryophyllane): E-caryophyllene (59.9%) and caryophyllene oxide (5.4%) | [37] |
| P. cattleyanum | Pelotas, RS, Brazil | Leaf (SD) | Profile III (caryophyllane): E-caryophyllene (59.6%), caryophyllene oxide (18.2%), and Z-caryophyllene (6.4%) | [38] |
| P. cattleyanum | Honolulu, Hawaii, USA | Leaf (HD) | Profile IV (caryophyllane/pinane/acyclic): E-caryophyllene (59.0%), α-pinene (13.2%), and myrcene (11.3%) | [39] |
| P. cattleyanum | Alegre, ES, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile V (caryophyllane/pinane): E-caryophyllene (23.4%), caryophyllene oxide (11.5%), and α-pinene (11.3%) | [22] |
| P. cattleyanum | El-Behera, Egypt | Leaf (HD) | Profile VI (caryophyllane/pinane/acyclic): E-caryophyllene (28.8%), α-pinene (28.0%), myrcene (13.4%), and trans-β-ocimene (5.3%) | [40] |
| P. cattleyanum | Pelotas, RS, Brazil | Fruit (HD) | Profile VII (caryophyllane/eudesmane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (22.5%), neo-intermedeol (14.2%), β-selinene (10.1%), trans-β-guaiene (9.1%), and α-humulene (7.5%) | [41] |
| P. cattleyanum | Pinar del Río, Cuba | Leaf (HD) | Profile VIII (cadinane/caryophyllane): epi-α-muurolol (21.9%), α-cadinol (20.0%), epi-α-cadinol (16.7%), caryophyllene oxide (13.6%), juniper camphor (9.4%), and 14-hydroxy-9-epi-E-caryophyllene (5.7%) |
[42] |
| P. cattleyanum | Atlantic Forest, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile IX (p-menthane/caryophyllane/eremophilane/acyclic): α-thujene (25.2%), 1,8-cineole (16.4%), E-caryophyllene (10.2%), valencene (8.0%), and myrcene (5.0%) | [43] |
| P. cattleyanum | Limeira, SP, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile X (eudesmane/caryophyllane/p-menthane/aromadendrene) viridiflorol (17.9%), E-caryophyllene (11.8%), 1,8-cineole (10.8%), β-selinene (8.6%), α-humulene (6.0%), and aromadendrene (5.0%) |
[44] |
| P. cymosum | Pinar del Rio, Cuba | Leaf (HD) | epi-α-cadinol (46.6%), 1,8-cineole (15.0%), α-muurolol (11.8%), α-terpineol (8.4%), and α-pinene (5.7%) | [99] |
| P. friedrichsthalianum | San Jose, Costa Rica | Leaf (SD) | Profile I (caryophyllane/elemane/pinane/germacrane/cadinane): E-caryophyllene (36.8%), β-elemene (12.86%), α-pinene (10.6%), bicyclogermacrene (8.3%), β-pinene (8.3%), and α-ylangene (7.8%) | [37] |
| P. friedrichsthalianum | Alegre, ES, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile II (caryophyllane/cadinane): E-caryophyllene (24.6%), caryophyllene oxide (10.6%), α-humulene (9.2%), and α-copaene (5.9%) | [22] |
| P. gaudichaudianum | Alegre, ES, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | E-caryophyllene (17.0%), limonene (16.2%), α-pinene (8.4%), caryophyllene oxide (7.5%), and α-humulene (5.8%) | [22] |
| P. guajava | Saint-Denis, France | Fruit (HD) | Profile I (caryophyllane/acyclic/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (24.6%), nerolidol (18.0%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.1%) | [49] |
| P. guajava | Sindh Province, Pakistan | Leaf (HD) | Profile I (caryophyllane/acyclic/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (20.3%), globulol (8.2%), and E-nerolidol (7.7%) | [50] |
| P. guajava | Kathmandu, Nepal | Leaf (HD) | Profile I (caryophyllane/acyclic/aromadendrene): E-nerolidol (35.6%), E-caryophyllene (15.8%), (2Z,6E)-farnesol (6.7%), and ledol (5.5%) | [51] |
| P. guajava | Guira de Melena, Havana, Cuba | Leaf (HD) | Profile II (caryophyllane/acyclic/eudesmane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (21.6%), E-nerolidol (l9.2%), selin-ll-en-4α-ol (13.4%), viridiflorene (8.8%), α-selinene (8.3%), caryophyllene oxide (8.2%), and cedr-8(15)-en-9α-ol (7.9%) | [52] |
| P. guajava | Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China | Leaf (HD) | Profile III (caryophyllane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (27.4%) and γ-gurjunene (13.5%) |
[53] |
| P. guajava | Anguo, Hebei, China | Leaf (HD) | Profile III (caryophyllane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (24.4%) and γ-gurjunene (12.7%) | [53] |
| P. guajava | Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China | Leaf (HD) | Profile III (caryophyllane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (31.4%) and γ-gurjunene (14.0%), | [53] |
| P. guajava | Chenchou, Tunisia | Leaf (HD) | Profile III (caryophyllane/aromadendrene): viridiflorol (36.4%) and E-caryophyllene (5.9%) | [54] |
| P. guajava | Panyu, Guangdong, China | Leaf (HD) | Profile IV (caryophyllane/cadinane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (25.7%), calamenene (7.4%), γ-gurjunene (9.5%), and epi-α-cadinol (6.4%) | [53] |
| P. guajava | Meizhou, Guangdong, China | Leaf (HD) | Profile IV (caryophyllane/cadinane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (25.0%), γ-gurjunene (9.5%), epi-α-cadinol (6.1%), and calamenene (7.8%) | [53] |
| P. guajava | Taipei, Taiwan | Leaf (HD) | Profile IV (caryophyllane/cadinane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (17.2), γ-gurjunene (9.3%), epi-α-cadinol (10.0%), and calamenene (6.7%) | [53] |
| P. guajava | Tainan, Taiwan | Leaf (HD) | Profile IV (caryophyllane/cadinane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (21.4%), γ-gurjunene (9.2%), epi-α-cadinol (7.8%), and calamenene (6.6%) | [53] |
| P. guajava | Jiangmen, Guangdong, China | Leaf (HD) | Profile IV (caryophyllane/cadinane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (25.0%), calamenene (7.1%), γ-gurjunene (9.5%), and epi-α-cadinol (6.0%) | [53] |
| P. guajava | Alegre, ES, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile V (caryophyllane/bisabolane/p-menthane/acyclic): E-caryophyllene (7.6%), β-bisabolol (19.5%), limonene (17.8%), 1,8-cineole (5.1%), and E-nerolidol (6.9%) | [55] |
| P. guajava | Alegre, ES, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile V (caryophyllane/bisabolane/p-menthane/acyclic): E-caryophyllene (9.4%), β-bisabolol (15.1%), limonene (6.5%), α-humulene (16.5%), E-nerolidol (7.4%), β-bisabolene (6.3%), and humulene epoxide II (6.0%) | [55] |
| P. guajava | Belém, PA, Brazil | Leaf/stems (HD) | Profile V (caryophyllane/bisabolane/p-menthane/acyclic): α-pinene (23.9%), 1,8-cineole (21.4%), β-bisabolol (9.2%), E-caryophyllene (5.2%), and E-nerolidol (5.0%) | [56] |
| P. guajava | Bozhou, Anhui, China | Leaf (HD) | Profile VI (caryophyllane/bisabolane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (26.4%), β-bisabolene (5.23%), and γ-gurjunene (15.2%) | [53] |
| P. guajava | Cairo, Egypt | Leaf (HD) | Profile VII (caryophyllane/eudesmane/p-menthane/cadinane): E-caryophyllene (16.9%), selin-7(11)-en-4-α-ol (8.3%), α-selinene (6.5%), β-selinene (6.3%), 1,8-cineole (5.4%), and δ-cadinene (5.3%) | [57] |
| P. guajava | Alegre, ES, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile VIII (caryophyllane/eudesmane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (26.6%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (6.7%), caryophyllene oxide (15.5%), aromadendrene epoxide (8.1%), β-selinene (7.6%), and α-selinene (6.5%) | [55] |
| P. guajava | Alegre, ES, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile IX (caryophyllane/eudesmane/p-menthane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (19.4%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (7.4%), caryophyllene oxide (16.6%), aromadendrene epoxide (9.2%), 1,8-cineole (8.4%), and β-selinene (5.6%) | [55] |
| P. guajava | Alegre, ES, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile X (caryophyllane/eudesmane/p-menthane/aromadendrene/cadinane): E-caryophyllene (10.2%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (16.7%), caryophyllene oxide (8.0%), aromadendrene epoxide (9.5%), 1,8-cineole (7.6%), epi-α-cadinol (7.9%), β-selinene (8.2%), epi-cubenol (6.7%), and α-selinene (6.3%) | [55] |
| P. guajava | Moorea Island, Taravao, French Polynesia | Leaf (HD) | Profile X (caryophyllane/eudesmane/p-menthane/bisabolane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (18.3%), selin-11-en 4α-ol (6.9%), 1,8-cineole (6.2%), and E-α-bisabolene (5.5%) | [36] |
| P. guajava | Parnaíba, PI, Brazil | Leaf (SD) | Profile X (caryophyllane/eudesmane/p-menthane/bisabolane): E-caryophyllene (39.0%), β-selinene (9.7%), α-selinene (9.7%), 1,8-cineole (6.9%), and aromadendrene (6.3%) | [58] |
| P. guajava | Cairo, Egypt | Fruit (SE) | Profile X (caryophyllane/eudesmane/p-menthane/bisabolane): E−caryophyllene (12.8%), α−selinene (8.4%), β−selinene (8.3%), and 3Z-hexenol (6.7%) | [59] |
| P. guajava | Chang-hua, Taiwan | Leaf (SD) | Profile XI (caryophyllane/aromadendrene/p-menthane): E-caryophyllene (27.7%), α-pinene (14.7%), 1,8-cineole (12.4%), and aromadendrene (6.6%) | [60] |
| P. guajava | Cairo, Egypt | Fruit (HD) | Profile XI (caryophyllane/eudesmane/p-menthane): E-caryophyllene (17.6%), limonene (11.0%), α-selinene (6.6%), and β-selinene (6.4%) | [57] |
| P. guajava | Guira de Melena, Havana, Cuba | Fruit (SDE) | Profile XI (caryophyllane/p-menthane/others): E-caryophyllene (12.2%), limonene (10.3%), hexadecanoic acid (8.7%), and 2E-hexenal (5.2%) | [61] |
| P. guajava | Mauritius | Leaf (HD) | Profile XI (caryophyllane/p-menthane): caryophyllene oxide (15.4%) and limonene (11.6%) | [62] |
| P. guajava | Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India | senescent leaves (HD) | Profile XI (caryophyllane/p-menthane): limonene (29.1%), E-caryophyllene (15.7%), caryophyllene oxide (8.8%), and caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien-5β-ol (6.5%) | [63] |
| P. guajava | Jeju Island, South Korea | Leaf (SAFE) | Profile XI (caryophyllane/p-menthane): α-pinene (12.3%) and E-caryophyllene 6.8%) | [64] |
| P. guajava | Lagos, Nigeria | Leaf (HD) | Profile XI (caryophyllane/p-menthane): limonene (42.1%) and E-caryophyllen (21.3%) | [65] |
| P. guajava | KwaZulu, Natal, South Africa | Leaf (HD)a white fruit | Profile XII (caryophyllane/acyclic/cadinane): caryophyllene oxide (14.0%), E-caryophyllene (13.9%), 1H-cycloprop[e]azulene (11.7%), adamantane (9.5%), E-nerolidol (6.8%), and α-cubebene (6.7%) | [66] |
| P. guajava | Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile XIII (caryophyllane/eudesmane/cadinane): α-humulene (15.0%), E-caryophyllene (12.0%), β-selinene (11.0%), α-selinene (10.0%), cedr-8-(15)-en-9-α-ol (7.6%), and α-muurolol (5.6%) | [67] |
| P. guajava | Chenchou, Tunisia | Stems (HD) | Profile XIV (caryophyllane/germacrane/cadinane): germacrene D (16.8%), valerianol (10.6%), caryophyllene oxide (5.1%), and α-cadinol (5.0%) | [54] |
| P. guajava | Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile XIV (caryophyllane/eudesmane/cadinane): α-humulene (15.0%), E-caryophyllene (12.0%), α-selinene (10.0%), cedr-8(15)-en-9-α-ol (7.6%), and epi-α-muurolol (5.6%) | [104] |
| P. guajava | Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile XIV (caryophyllane/eudesmane/cadinane): caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien-5-β-ol (15.0%), α-humulene (13.0%), α-muurolol (9.6%), cedr-8-(15)-en-9-α-ol (7.4%), E-caryophyllene (7.2%), β-selinene (6.7%), humulene epoxide II (6.6%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.0%) | [67] |
| P. guajava | Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile XV (caryophyllane/eudesmane): α-humulene (37.0%), E-caryophyllene (24.0%), β-selinene (14.0%), and α-selinene (12.0%) | [67] |
| P. guajava | Nanning, China | Leaf (SD) | Profile XVI (p-menthane/aromadendrene): α-pinene (37.8%), 1,8-cineole (18.9%), globulol (6.8%), and cedrenol (5.6%) | [69] |
| P. guajava | Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile XVII (p-menthane/acyclic/caryophyllane/aromadendrene): α-pinene (25.5%), E-nerolidol (16.7%), E-caryophyllene (15.7%), δ-3-carene (8.8%), and cedran-8-ol (8.8%) | [70] |
| P. guajava | Alsharquia, Oman | Leaf (HD) | Profile XVII (p-menthane/acyclic/caryophyllane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (33.5%), viridiflorene (13.0%), farnesene (11.7%), and limonene (9.8%) | [71] |
| P. guajava | Macas, Ecuador | Leaf (HD) | Profile XVIII (p-menthane): limonene (33.3%), α-pinene (29.5%), and carvotacetone acetate (8.2%) | [72] |
| P. guajava | El-Behera, Egypt | Leaf (HD) | Profile XVIII (p-menthane): limonene (54.7%) and 1, 8-cineole (32.1%) | [40] |
| P. guajava | Guira de Melena, Havana, Cuba | Fruit (SDE) | Profile XIX (p-menthane/others): limonene (8.3%), and 3-phenylpropyl acetate (6.2%) | [61] |
| P. guajava | Mauritius | Leaf (HD) | Profile XX (bisabolane/caryophyllane/p-menthane/cadinane): santalol (50.6%), caryophyllene oxide (15.4%), limonene (11.6%), and cycloisosativene (6.1%) | [73] |
| P. guajava | Monteverde, Costa Rica | Leaf (SDE) | Profile XXI (others/p-menthane/aromadendrene/acyclic): 2E-hexenal (28.4%), benzaldehyde (16.5%), 1,8-cineole (15.9%), globulol (10.3%), E-nerolidol (6.9%) | [74] |
| P. guajava | Saint-Denis, France | Fruit (HS-SPME) | Profile XXII (others): hexanal (65.9%), γ-butyrolactone (7.6%), 2E-hexenal (7.4%) | [49] |
| P. guajava | Guira de Melena, Havana, Cuba | Fruit (SDE) | Profile XXIII (others): 3Z-hexenyl acetate (5.0%) | [61] |
| P. guajava | Villahermosa, Mexico | Leaf (SD) | Profile XXIV (bisabolane/caryophyllane): β-bisabolene (19.2%), β-sesquiphellandrene (14.8%), E-caryophyllene (6.0%), E-γ-bisabolene (5.3%), and α-curcumene (5.1%) | [37] |
| P. guajava | Guira de Melena, Havana, Cuba | Fruit (SDE) | Profile XXV (others): E-cinnamyl acetate (5.6%) | [61] |
| P. guajava | Mimoso do Sul, ES, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile XXVI: (caryophyllane/bisabolane/acyclic/p-menthane/cadinane/eudesmane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (5.1–30.0%), α-humulene (2.0–24.4%), 14-hydroxy-epi-E-caryophyllene (1.3–19.3%), β-bisabolol (1.2–20.1%), E-nerolidol (0.5–19.9%), 14-hydroxy-epi-E-caryophyllene (0–14.7%), limonene (0.2–11.7%), γ-muurolene (1.5–6.4%), α-selinene (0.4–12.4%), β-selinene (0.5–13.3%), β-bisabolene (3.1–9.7%), hinesol (0.9–10.0%), epi-α-cadinol (0–6.4%), α-bisabolol (1.0–5.9%), selina-6-en-4-ol (0.6–9.1%), aromadendrene (0.3–7.4%), and 1,8-cineole (0.7–5.3%) |
[24] |
| P. guajava | Linhares, ES, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile XXVI (caryophyllane/bisabolane/acyclic/p-menthane/cadinane/eudesmane/aromadendrene): E-caryophyllene (5.1–32.3%), caryophyllene oxide (1.8–20.9%), α-humulene (1.7–19.9%), β-bisabolol (2.2–19.4%), E-nerolidol (2.1–13.7%), hinesol (3.2–12.4%), α-selinene (0.5–11.2%), β-selinene (0.5–12.8%), epi-α-cadinol (1.1–12.0%), limonene (0.1–11.0%), β-bisabolene (2.3–9.7%), α-bisabolol (0.5–7.3%), epi-β-cubenol (2.2.–7.1%), humulene epoxide (0.6–6.3%), selina-6-en-4-ol (3.3–6.1%), aromadendrene (3.1–5.6%), γ-muurolene (1.7–5.4%), and δ-cadinene (0.5–5.1%) | [24] |
| P. guajava | Abbottabad, Pakistan | Fruit (SD) | Profile XXVII (others): hexanol (13.9%), cinnamyl alcohol (10.9%), butanol (10.7%), 3-methyl glutaric anhydride (9.5%), hexene (7.7%), butanoic acid methyl ester (7.2%), and 3-hexenal (6.6%) | [75] |
| P. guajava | KwaZulu, Natal, South Africa | Leaf (HD)a pink fruit | Profile XXVIII (others/caryophyllane): tetracyclo[6,3,2,0(2,5).0(1,8)] tridecan-9-ol,4,4-dimethyl (13.0%), E-caryophyllene (9.6%), 1H-cycloprop[e]azulene (8.1%) | [66] |
| P. guineense | Santarém, PA, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile I (p-menthane): limonene (47.4%) | [21] |
| P. guineense | Curuçá, PA, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile II (p-menthane/pinane): limonene (30.7%) and α-pinene (26.1%) | [21] |
| P. guineense | Curuçá, PA, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile II (p-menthane/pinane): limonene (30.4%) and α-pinene (17.7%) | [21] |
| P. guineense | Curuçá, PA, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile II (p-menthane/pinane): limonene (37.2%) and α-pinene (34.0%) | [21] |
| P. guineense | Curuçá, PA, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile III (p-menthane/pinane): limonene (26.5%), α-pinene (13.7%), and α-copaene (7.2%) | [21] |
| P. guineense | Monte Alegre, PA, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile IV (p-menthane/bisabolane): limonene (9.6%) and epi-β-bisabolol (6.5%) | [21] |
| P. guineense | Santarém, PA, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile V (p-menthane/bisabolane): limonene (23.4%), epi-β-Bisabolol (9.5%), and β-bisabolene (6.4%), |
[21] |
| P. guineense | Crato, CE, Brazil | Leaf (SD) | Profile VI (p-menthane/germacrane/pinane/elemane): 1,8-cineole (40.5%), β-eudesmol (19.5%), α-pinene (13.9%), β-pinene (8.6%), elemol (7.7%), and γ-eudesmol (5.2%) |
[83] |
| P. guineense | Curuçá, PA, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile VII (pinane/cadinane/caryophyllane): α-pinene (35.6%), α-copaene (8.1%), E-caryophyllene (6.1%), and muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1-β-ol (5.8%) | [21] |
| P. guineense | Santarém, PA, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile VIII (pinane/p-menthane/caryophyllane): α-pinene (26.4%), limonene (14.0%), and E-caryophyllene (5.2%) | [21] |
| P. guineense | Monte Alegre, PA, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile IX (bisabolane): β-bisabolene (8.9%) and α-curcumene (5.0%) | [21] |
| P. guineense | Ocozocoautla, Chiapas, Mexico | Leaf (SD) | Profile X (bisabolane/pinane/acyclic/p-menthane): β-bisabolene (13.2%), α-pinene (12.5%), Z-nerolidol (5.5%), β-sesquiphellandrene (5.2%), and limonene (5.1%) | [37] |
| P. guineense | Ponta de Pedras, PA, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile XI (caryophyllane/p-menthane): E-caryophyllene (24.0%) and limonene (5.4%) | [21] |
| P. guineense | Boa Vista do Alto Alegre, RR, Brazil | Leaf/stems (HD) | Profile XII (bisabolane/p-menthane): β-bisabolol (17.4%), limonene (6.8%), and epi-α-bisabolol (6.7%) | [56] |
| P. guineense | Santarém, PA, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile XIII (bisabolane): epi-β-bisabolol (18.1%) and β-bisabolol (5.6%) | [21] |
| P. guineense | Dourados, MS, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile XIV (germacrane): spathulenol (80.7%) | [84] |
| P. guineense | La Palma, Cundinamarca, Colombia | Fruits (SDE) | Profile XV (caryophyllane/eudesmane/others): E-caryophyllene (8.6%), butanol (7.4%), ethyl butyrate (7.4%), and selin-11-en-4α-ol (5.9%) | [85] |
| P. guineense | La Palma, Cundinamarca, Colombia | Fruits (HS-SPME) | Profile XVI (others): ethyl butyrate (30.3%) and ethyl hexanoate (23.8%) | [85] |
| P. laruotteanum | Brasilia, Brazil | Leaves (HD) | Profile I (p-menthane/pinane): p-cymene (24.8%), 1,8-cineole (19.2%), α-pinene (13.4%), and terpinen-4-ol (6.3%) |
[86] |
| P. laruotteanum | Brasilia, Brazil | Leaves (HD) | Profile II (p-menthane/pinane): p-cymene (19.4%), γ-terpinene (14.0%), α-pinene (11.6%), limonene (10.2%), 1,8-cineole (6.9%), terpinen-4-ol (5.8%), terpinolene (5.1%) |
[86] |
| P. laruotteanum | Brasilia, Brazil | Leaves (HD) | Profile III (p-menthane/pinane): p-cymene (34.8%), 1,8-cineole (12.5%), α-pinene (9.2%), limonene (7.9%), γ-terpinene (6.9%), and α-terpineol (6.0%) |
[86] |
| P. montanum | West region, Cuba | Leaf (HD) | Profile p-menthane/pinane: 1,8-cineole (46.9%), α-terpineol (9.2%), and α-pinene (8.9%) |
[101] |
| P. myrsinites | Anápolis, GO, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile I (caryophyllane): E-caryophyllene (31.0%), α-humulene (12.3%), and caryophyllene oxide (7.3%) | [88] |
| P. myrsinites | Chapada das Mesas National Park, MA, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile II (caryophyllane): E-caryophyllene (26.1%), 𝛼-humulene (23.9%), caryophyllene oxide (10.1%), humulene epoxide II (6.4%), and Caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien- 5-β-ol (5.7%) |
[89] |
| P. myrsinites | Brasilia, Brazil | Leaf/flower (HD) | Profile III (caryophyllane/acyclic): caryophyllene oxide (26.1%), humulene epoxide II (8.8%), E-caryophyllene (7.4%), Z-caryophyllene (5.4%), and myrcene (5.4%) |
[90] |
| P. myrtoides | Brasilia, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile I (caryophyllane/acyclic) E-caryophyllene (22.4%), caryophyllene oxide (19.7%), α-humulene (8.4%), and myrcene (5.4%) |
[23] |
| P. myrtoides | Chapada, do Araripe, CE, Brazil | Leaf (HD) b | Profile II (p-menthane/germacrane/pinane/elemane) 1,8-cineole (29.5–48.1%), α-eudesmol (11.7–20.0%), α-pinene (5.0–12.8%), elemol (3.3–6.7%), and γ-eudesmol (2.5–5.8%) |
[93] |
| P. myrtoides | Rio verde, GO, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile III (caryophyllane/cadinane/bisabolane): E-caryophyllene (30.9%), α-humulene (15.9%), α-copaene (7.8%), caryophyllene oxide (7.3%), and α-bisabolol (7.3%) | [91] |
| P. myrtoides | Alegre, ES, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | Profile III (caryophyllane/cadinane/bisabolane): E-caryophyllene (19.4%), α-bisabolol (10.4%), α-humulene (10.4%), α-copaene (6.3%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.3%) | [22] |
| P. parvifolium | Pinar del Río, Cuba | Leaf (HD) | viridiflorol (31.9%), α-terpineol (8.2%), cubenol (7.3%), borneol (7.2%), epi-α-muurolol (6.6%), and trans-sabinol (5.5%) | [42] |
| P. rotundatum | Pinar del Rio, Cuba | Leaf/Stalks (SDE) | 1,8-cineole (28.0%), α-pinene (18.3%), α-terpineol (9.2%), E-nerolidol (8.7%), and linalool (5.1%) | [102] |
| P. salutare | Punta Espinillo, Montevideo, Uruguay | Leaf/Twig (SD) | Profile I (p-menthane/acyclic): 1,8-cineole (31.1%), linalool (11.5%), and α-terpineol (7.0%) | [96] |
| P. salutare | Punta Espinillo, Montevideo, Uruguay | Leaf/Twig (SD) | Profile I (p-menthane/acyclic): 1,8-cineole (36.6%), linalool (12.4%), and α-terpineol (6.7%) | [96] |
| P. salutare | Crato, CE, Brazil | Leaf (SD) | Profile II (p-menthane/germacrane): 1,8-cineole (63.3%), p-cymene (14.1%), α-terpinyl acetate (7.2%), and β-eudesmol (8.8%) | [83,97] |
| P. salutare | Chapada do Araripe, CE, Brazil | Leaf (HD) b | Profile III (p-menthane/cadinane/acyclic): p-cymene (5.1–17.8%), terpinolene (6.9–17.0%), γ-terpinene (10.3–17.1%), epi-α-cadinol (10.4–12.8%), linalool (4.7–7.3%), and δ-cadinene (3.8–5.3%) | [25] |
| P. salutare | Pinar del Rio, Cuba | Leaf (HD) | Profile IV (caryophyllane/bisabolane/eudesmane/pinane): caryophyllene oxide (39.8%), ar-turmerone (17.3%), β-gurjunene (6.7%), β-selinene (6.0%), and α-pinene (5.6%) | [98] |
| P. sartorianum | Pinar del Rio, Cuba | Leaf (HD) | Profile I (p-menthane/pinane): limonene (43.0%), α-pinene (39.5%), and β-pinene (5.6%) | [99] |
| P. sartorianum | Guadalajara, Mexico | Leaf (SD) | Profile II (pinane/caryophyllane/p-menthane/acyclic): α-pinene (16.7%), E-caryophyllene (12.4%), α-phellandrene (9.8%), and Z-nerolidol (5.2%) | [37] |
| P. striatulum | Boa Vista, RR, Brazil | Fruits (HD) | Profile I (pinane/caryophyllane/cadinane/aromadendrene): α-pinene (12%), α-humulene (10.4%), α-copaene (7.1%), globulol (5.7%), and aromadendrene (5.1%) | [100] |
| P. striatulum | Carolina, MA, Brazil | Leaf/stems (HD) | Profile II (caryophyllane/eudesmane) E-caryophyllene (28.6%), α-selinene (7.7%), caryophyllene oxide (7.6%), β-selinene (7.4%), selin-11-en-4-α-ol (6.0%) |
[56] |
| P. rufum | Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil | Leaf (HD) | E-caryophyllene (21.0%), α-pinene (14.0%), γ-eudesmol (8.5%), 1,8-cineole (8.4%), α-eudesmol (8.2%), and β-eudesmol (6.8%) | [104] |
a = doubtful analysis, unknown RI values, b = seasonal study, SD = steam distillation, HD = hydrodistillation, SPME = solid phase micro extraction, HS-SPME = headspace—solid phase micro extraction, SDE = simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction, SAFE = solvent-assisted flavor evaporation, SE = solvent extraction.