Table 3.

Effects of theaflavins in lung cancer.

Cell line/Animal Model	Treatment	Effects	Reference
NCI-H661, NCI-H441, NCIH1299	0–100 μM TF1, TF2a, TF2b, and TF3 24–48h	↓ Cell viability ↓ Cell growth ↑ Apoptosis	[28]
WI38 VA	TF2 1–100 µM 18 h–6 days	↓ Proliferation ↓ Growth Rate ↑ Apoptosis ↑ DNA Fragmentation ↓Cox-2 expression	[29]
NCI-H460	100 µM theaflavins 24–72 h	↓ Proliferation ↑ Apoptosis ↑ p53 gene and protein ↓ Bcl-2 gene and protein ↓ c-Myc gene and protein	[30]
SPC-A-1	TF2b+TF3 TF3 48h	↓ Cell viability ↑ G0/G1 Cell cycle arrest	[31]
WI38VA	0–50 μM theaflavin-2; 5 days to assess cell viability/cytotoxicity 0–400 μM theaflavin-2; 3 h–48 h to assess DNA fragmentation, gene expression and mitochondrial morphology	↑ Cytotoxicity ↓ Cell viability ↑ DNA fragmentation	[32]
SPC-A-1	50 µM TF3 24 h	↑ Apoptosis ↑ Caspase-3 and -9 activity	[33]
HT460	TF extract	↓ Viability ↑ G2/M cell cycle arrest ↑Apoptosis	[34]
Strain A mice injected with benzo(a)pyrene to induce lung carcinogenesis	0.02 mg black tea extract/day for 8, 17, and 26 weeks.	↓ Lung carcinogenesis ↓ Proliferation ↑ Apoptosis	[35]

Legend: ↑, increase; ↓, decrease.