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. 2021 Feb 13;26(4):987. doi: 10.3390/molecules26040987

Table 5.

Effects of theaflavins in ovarian cancer.

Cell Line/Animal Model Treatment Effects Reference
OVCAR-3 0–25 µM TF3
24 h
↓ Cell viability
↓ Angiogenesis
↓ VEGF
↓ HIF-1a
↓ p-Akt
↓ p-mTOR,
↓ p-p70s6k
↓ p-4E-BP1
↓ c-Myc
↓ NOTCH-1 cleavage
[43]
OVCAR-3, A2780/CP70 0–40 µM
TF1, TF2a, TF2b, and TF3
24 h
↓ Proliferation
↑ Apoptosis
↓ Angiogenesis
↓ VEGF secretion
↓ HIF-1a
↑ Caspases-3, -7, -8, and -9 activity
↑ Bax
↑ FADD
↑ DR5
↓ Bcl-xL
↓ HIF-1a
[44]
A2780/CP70 TF3 ↑ Cytotoxicity
↓ Cell viability
↑ Apoptosis
↑ Caspases-3, -7 activity
↑ Cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase
↑ Bax
↑ Bad
↑ Cleaved caspase-9
↑ Cleaved caspase-8
↑ DR5
↑ FADD
↓ Bcl-xL
↓ Procaspase-8
↓ Procaspase-9
↓ Cyclin B1
↓ MDM2
↑ p-Akt
↑ p-53
[45]
A2780/CP70 0–40 µM TF-2a
24 h
↓ Proliferation
↓ Cell viability
↑ LDH
↑ Early phase apoptosis
↑ Late phase apoptosis
↑ Caspase -3, -7 activity
↓ Pro-caspase-3, -7
↑ Cleaved caspase-3, -7
↑ Full length PARP
↑ Cleaved PARP
↑ G1 phase
↓ S phase
↓ G2 phase
↓ CDK2
↓ CDK4
↑ p21
↑ p53
↑ p-histone H2A.X
↑ p-ATM
↑ ATM
↑ p-Chk1 (Ser345)
↑ p-Chk2 (Thr68)
↑ p-p53 (Ser15)
↓ Akt
↑ p-p38
↓ ERK1/2
↓ JNK2
[46]
A2780/CP70, OVCAR-3 2.5–22.5 µM TF3
24 h
↓ Cell viability
↓ GSH↑ CTR1
[47]
A2780/CP70,
OVCAR-3
5–20 µM TF3
24 h
↓ Cell viability
↓ Cell colonies
↓ Proliferation
↑ %ALDH+ cells
↑ Apoptosis
↑ Caspase-3, -7
↓ β-catenin
↓LEF-1
↓c-Myc
↓Cyclin D1
[48]
A2780/CP70, OVCAR-3 5–50 µM TF3
24 h
7.0 µM TF3
24 h
↓ Cell viability
↓ Cell colonies
↑ Apoptosis
↑ G1 phase arrest
↓ G2 phase cells
↓ Cyclin D1↓ CDK4
[49]
OVCAR-3
0–30 μM TF3
24 h
↑ Apoptosis
↓ Cell viability
↑ Cleaved PARP
↑ Bax
↑ Cleaved caspases-3, -7, -8, and -9
↑ p-Chk2
↓ Bcl-xL
↑ DR5
↑ Fas
↑ Cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase
↓ CDK4
↓ Cyclin D1
↓ p-Rb
↓ Rb
↑ p27
[50]

Legend: ↑, increase; ↓, decrease.