Table 8.

Effects of theaflavins in colon cancer.

Cell Line/Animal Model	Treatment	Effects	Reference
HT-29	0–100 μM; 48 h	↓Cell viability ↓Cell growth	[28]
Caco-2	10–100 µM TF2 4 h–8 days	↓Growth rate ↓Cox-2 expression	[29]
Caco-2	TF2 50 µM 12 h	↑RGS10 expression ↑RGS14 expression	[58]
HCT-15 HT-29	25 µg/mL TF1 4–8 h	↑Cell death	[17]
Caco-2 HT-29	0–400 μM TF2a/b 3 h–5 days	↓Cell viability ↓COX-2 mRNA ↓TNF-A mRNA ↓ICAM-1 mRNA ↓NFKB mRNA ↓iNOS mRNA	[32]
HCT-116	0–30 TF3 3–48 h	↓Cell viability ↓Cell proliferation ↑Apoptosis ↑Cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase ↑p53 ↑p21 ↑Cleaved caspase-3 ↑Cyclin D1 ↓Cyclin E ↓COX-2 ↓iNOS, ↓ERK1/2	[59]
HCT 116	Theaflavin extract	↓viability ↑G2/M cell cycle arrest ↑apoptosis	[34]
SW620 SW480 NCM460	45 µM TF1, TF2a, TF3b, and TF3 12 h	↓Cell growth ↓Cell size ↑Apoptotic bodies ↑G0/G1 phase arrest ↑G2/M phase arrest ↓ABTS•+ ↓DPPH •+ ↓AAPH ↑Cyclin D3 ↑Cyclin D1 ↑CDK4 ↑CDK6 ↑p15 ↑p18	[60]
HCT-116	Theaflavins (black tea extract) 25–150 μg/mL 48h	↓Cell viability ↓DNMT activity ↓DNMT1	[61]
Male Swiss albino mice xenografted with EAC cells.	Theaflavin intraperitoneal injection, 0.02 mg/kg body weight/day for 10 days Theaflavin oral gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for 10 days	↓Tumor growth/mass ↑Haemoglobin ↑RBC count ↓WBC count ↓Multinucleated tumor cells ↓DNMT activity ↓DNMT1	[61]

Legend: ↑, increase; ↓, decrease.