Fig. 1. Influence of viral symptoms on the levels of antibodies reactive to S1 and S2 subunits SARS-CoV-2 in human milk.

A S1-reactive SIgA/IgA, B S2-reactive SIgA/IgA, C S1-reactive SIgM/IgM, D S2-reactive SIgM/IgM, E S1-reactive IgG, and F S2-reactive IgG. Letters a, b, and c show statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. Values are means ± SD, where n = 5 for mothers in the viral symptom group and n = 4 for mothers in the no-symptom group. Human milk samples were collected at four different time points across postpartum time for each mother.