Table 1.

Microalgae cultivation correlation with nitrogen content.

Microalgae Types	Experiment	Outcomes Growth and Biochemical Composition	Reference
Nannochloropsis sp.	Transferred from nitrogen-sufficient to -deficient condition	Lipid content increased from 32% to 60%	[27]
Chlorella vulgaris	Lipid production under nitrogen starvation conditions	Lipid productivity was 58.39 mg/L/day.	[28]
Chlorella zofingiensis	10 days cultivation in two conditions: nitrogen starvation and nitrogen repletion (0 g/L and 1.1 g/L, respectively)	Rapid growth in nitrogen-sufficient culture medium, whereas growth inhibition under nitrogen starvation condition	[3]
Scenedesmus sp.	Effects of nitrogen limitation and starvation on morphological and biochemical changes	Nitrate starvation generates 27% lipid accumulation	[29]
Nannochloropsis oceanica	14 days under nitrogen-deplete and nitrogen-replete conditions	Regulation of metabolic pathways along with acetyl CoA synthesis and lipid degradation for TAG synthesis	[30]
Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis oculata	13 days in Conway nutrient batch cultures without nitrogen in the 7th day of growth	15.3 ±1.0% lipid in Chlorella sp., 33.7 ± 2.8% lipid in N. oculata under nitrogen limitation	[31]
Phaeodactylum tricornutum	Lipid accumulation in nitrogen-deficient medium	High lipid content (53.04 ± 3.26%)	[5]
C. reinhardtii	Effect of different nutrients on standard TAP, TAP nitrogen deficiency (T-N), TAP without nitrogen and phosphorus (T-N-P), TAP nitrogen deficiency with additional phosphorus 1 M(K)PO4 (T-N+P) on growth and lipid accumulation	Lipid contents in cells increased as a result of nitrogen-deficient conditions; the highest lipid content was 104.7% in T-N-P condition and the lowest lipid values were 49.9% in T-N condition	[32]
I. galbana	Effect of different nitrogen concentrations(0, 36, 72, 144 and 288 mg/L) on the growth rate and biochemical composition	Growth decreased in nitrogen-deficient conditions; in contrast, carbohydrates and fatty acids showed the highest value, 47% and 75%, respectively	[7]
Scenedesmus obliquus	Various nitrogen concentrations’ effect on growth and lipid production	Lipid production increased with increasing nitrogen concentration; the highest cell density (1.7 × 107 cells/mL) and lipid production (242.4 mg/L)	[33]