Table 1.

Characteristics of asprosin classified into main thematic threads.

Thematic Threads	Description	References
Asprosin discovery	Asprosin structure	[7,8]
Asprosin action	Olfr734 as an asprosin receptor	[12]
	FBN1 gene mutation reduces asprosin production	[7,9,10]
	Starvation induces asprosin production by white adipose tissue	[7]
	Obesity state induces asprosin production by white adipose tissue	[13]
	Mechanism of asprosin action via cAMP/PKC activation	[7]
	Liver as a target organ for asprosin action—induction of glucose release	[7,9]
Appetite regulation	Asprosin activates orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons leading to appetite stimulation by the Gαs-cAMP-PKA axis	[9]
	Anti-asprosin antibodies efficiently suppress AgRP neurons activation and food intake by insulin-resistant obese mice	[9]
Elevated asprosin level in diseases state	in patients with obesity	[20,21,35,36]
	in patients with insulin resistance	[22,23]
	in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1	[24]
	in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2	[25,26,27]
	in patients with anorexia nervosa	[18]
	in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus	[33]
	in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia	[34]
Decreased asprosin level in diseases state	patients with neonatal progeroid syndrome (NPS)	[7,8]
	in oncological patients with anorexia	[19]
	in women with intrauterine growth restriction	[34]
	in patients with acromegaly	[11]
	In mice with streptozocin-induces diabetes	[28]
Pathophysiology of asprosin action	Asprosin induces pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and impairs insulin release	[29]
	Asprosin impairs muscle cell sensitivity to insulin	[30]
Cardioprotection	Asprosin improves the effectiveness of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) use in myocardial infarction (MI) treatment	[37]
	Asprosin protects cardiomyocytes through hypoxia-induced apoptosis	[38]
	Asprosin protects cardiac microvascular endothelial cells against damage caused by high glucose concentration	[39]
Fertility	Asprosin improves progressive sperm motility and fertility potential	[40]
	Asprosin regulates the function of ovarian follicles	[44]
	Asprosin level changes in the course of menstrual cycle	[45]
Physical activity in asprosin reduction	8-week aerobic exercise program reduces asprosin in mice with type 1 diabetes mellitus	[48]
	Intermittent and continuous swimming training decrease asprosin levels in rats with metabolic syndrome	[49]
	Acute aerobic exercise reduces asprosin level in healthy and obese men	[50]
	Short-term high-intensive anaerobic exercise increases asprosin level in healthy women	[12]
	Whole-body cryotherapy reduces asprosin level in menopausal women	[52]