Figure 1.

Effects of differentiation time course on creatine kinase (CK) activity (a) and hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids on cytotoxicity (b–f) in C2C12 myotubes. C2C12 myotubes were differentiated with 0–12 days at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO₂ incubator. Cytotoxicity effect on C2C12 myotubes were incubated with 0–100 μM of resveratrol, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids for 48 h. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (%) is expressed as 0.1% Triton X-100 at 100%. The reported values are the means ± SD (n = 3). Mean values with different letters were significantly different (p < 0.05).