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Effects of hydroxybenzoic acids (a,b), hydroxycinnamic acids (c,d), and flavonoids (e,f) on mitochondrial gene expressions in C2C12 myotubes. C2C12 myotubes were incubated with 25 and 50 μM of resveratrol and hydroxybenzoic acids for 24 h. Resveratrol was used as positive control. Control means C2C12 myotubes at 0.1% DMSO was used as a solvent control. The reported values are the means ± SD (n = 3). Mean values with different letters were significantly different (p < 0.05).
