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Effects of gallic acid (a,b) and rutin (c,d) on gene expressions of mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, myosin heavy chain, mitochondrial fusion/fission, and autophagy/mitophagy in C2C12 myotubes. C2C12 myotubes were incubated with 25 μM of gallic acid (3 and 12 h) or rutin (1 and 9 h) at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator. The reported values are the means ± SD (n = 3). Mean values with different letters were significantly different (p < 0.05).
