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. 2021 Feb 13;22(4):1873. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041873

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Nanoparticle-based drug delivery for melanoma therapeutics. Factors that are considered in a sensible design strategy should include the composition of the nanocarrier core, targeting ligands, stimulation–responsive triggers for specific site release of cargo, and expected therapeutic outcomes. Latest therapies for primary melanoma and metastases include the nanocarrier-based target delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, antibodies, and mRNA; nanocarrier-induced immune regulation to activate anticancer immune responses; and nanocarrier-activated photothermal and radiotherapy for in-situ/metastatic melanoma, NPs: nanoparticles; MTM: core-shell MnO₂@TiO₂.