Table 3.
Characteristics Associated with Cases Attributed to Recent Transmission (RT) among Persons with TB/HIV (N=2,415), 2011–2016
| Characteristics | Not RTn (col%) N=1,924 | RTn (col%) N=491 | Crude OR (99% CI) | aOR (99% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||
| Age group 15–24 25–44 45–64 65+ |
68 (3.5) 979 (50.9) 804 (41.8) 73 (3.8) |
16 (3.3) 218 (44.4) 244 (49.7) 13 (2.7) |
1.1 (0.5,2.2) Ref 1.4 (1.0,1.8) 0.8 (0.4,1.8) |
|
| Sex Male Female |
1,358 (70.6) 566 (29.4) |
378 (77.0) 113 (23.0) |
1.4 (1.0,1.9) Ref |
|
| Race/ethnicity Non-Hispanic-white Non-Hispanic-black Hispanic Asian Other |
131 (6.8) 1,001 (52.2) 550 (28.7) 206 (10.8) 28 (1.5) |
43 (8.8) 333 (68.0) 103 (21.0) 7 (1.4) 4 (0.8) |
Ref 1.0 (0.6,1.6) 0.6 (0.3,1.0) 0.1 (0.0,0.3) 0.4 (0.1,1.9) |
Ref 1.8 (1.2,2.8) 1.8 (1.1,2.9) |
| Origin U.S.-born Non-U.S.–born |
679 (35.3) 1,244 (64.7) |
386 (78.6) 105 (21.4) |
Ref 0.1 (0.1,0.2) |
Ref 0.2 (0.2,0.3) |
| Regiona Midwest Northeast South West |
203 (10.6) 375 (19.5) 946 (49.2) 400 (20.8) |
27 (5.5) 74 (15.1) 298 (60.7) 92 (18.7) |
Ref 1.5 (0.8,2.8) 2.4 (1.4,4.1) 1.7 (0.9,3.2) |
|
| Social Risk Factors | ||||
| Substance useb,c | 457 (23.8) | 244 (49.7) | 3.2 (2.5,4.3) | 1.6 (1.2,2.1) |
| Correctional facilityd | 94 (5.0) | 30 (6.3) | 1.3 (0.7,2.2) | |
| Homelessnessc | 202 (10.5) | 167 (34.1) | 4.4 (3.2,6.0) | 2.6 (2.0,3.5) |
| Long-term facilityd | 22 (1.1) | 9 (1.8) | 1.6 (0.6,4.5) | |
| Medical Risk Factors | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 90 (4.7) | 21 (4.3) | 0.9 (0.5,1.7) | |
| Other medical risk factore | 99 (5.2) | 32 (6.5) | 1.3 (0.7,2.2) | |
| Clinical Characteristics | ||||
| Positive sputum smearf | 832 (50.7) | 234 (53.7) | 1.1 (0.8,1.5) | |
| Abnormal chest radiographf | 1,317 (80.3) | 367 (84.2) | 1.2 (0.8,1.9) | |
| History of previous TB | 91 (4.7) | 41 (8.4) | 1.8 (1.1,3.0) | |
| Drug Resistant TB Susceptible Isoniazid Rifampin INH/Rif (MDR) |
1,689 (89.1) 151 (8.0) 18 (1.0) 26 (1.4) |
430 (88.1) 47 (9.6) 3 (0.6) 1 (0.2) |
Ref 1.2 (0.8,1.9) 0.7 (0.1,3.3) 0.2 (0.0,2.1) |
Note: Bolded values indicate statistical significance at α=.01. Due to rounding, some confidence intervals may show 1.0.
Only cases with isolates available that had genotyping results could be evaluated with the RT algorithm. TB cases among non–U.S.-born persons diagnosed within 100 days of arrival to the United States were considered likely due to reactivated disease and thus not considered attributed to RT.
Midwest: ND,SD,NE,KS,MN,IA,MO,WI,IL,IN,OH,MI
Northeast: PA,NJ,NY,CT,RI,MA,VT,NH,ME
South: TX,OK,AR,LA,MS,TN,KY,WV,MD,DC,DE,VA,NC,SC,FL,GA,AL
West: WA,OR,ID,CA,NV,MT,WY,UT,CO,AZ,NM,AK,HI
Substance use includes injection drug use, non-injection drug use, and excess alcohol use
Within year prior to diagnosis
At time of diagnosis
Includes end-stage renal disease, immunosuppression other than HIV, TNF-alpha antagonist therapy, post-organ transplant
Among cases with pulmonary disease.