Table 4.
Characteristics Associated with Mortality during Treatment among Persons with TB/HIV (N=2,273), 2011–2014
| Characteristics | Died During Treatment n (col%) N=195 | Not Known to Have Died During Treatment n (col%) N=2,078 | Crude OR (99% CI) | aOR (99% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||
| Age group 15–24 25–44 45–64 65+ |
5 (2.6 ) 63 (32.3) 107 (54.9) 20 (10.3) |
77 (3.7) 1,083 (52.1) 859 (41.3) 59 (2.8) |
1.1 (0.3,3.8) Ref 2.1 (1.4,3.3) 5.8 (2.8,12.3) |
2.2 (1.4,3.4) 5.3 (2.4,11.6) |
| Sex Male Female |
129 (66.2) 66 (33.9) |
1,484 (71.4) 594 (28.6) |
0.8 (0.5,1.2) Ref |
|
| Race/ethnicity Non-Hispanic white Non-Hispanic black Hispanic Asian Other |
18 (9.2) 111 (56.9) 49 (25.1) 13 (6.7) 4 (2.1) |
161 (7.8) 1,148 (55.4) 588 (28.4) 154 (7.4) 23 (1.1) |
Ref 0.7 (0.4,1.6) 0.8 (0.4,1.6) 0.8 (0.3,2.0) 1.6 (0.3,7.2) |
|
| Origin U.S.-born Non–U.S.-born |
110 (56.4) 85 (43.6) |
972 (46.8) 1,106 (53.2) |
Ref 0.7 (0.5,1.0) |
|
| Regiona Midwest Northeast South West |
18 (9.2) 34 (17.4) 102 (52.3) 41 (21.0) |
187 (9.0) 419 (20.2) 1,059 (51.0) 419 (20.2) |
Ref 0.8 (0.4,1.8) 1.0 (0.5,2.0) 1.0 (0.5,2.2) |
|
| Social Risk Factors | ||||
| Substance useb,c | 61 (31.3) | 582 (28.0) | 1.2 (0.8,1.9) | |
| Correctional facilityd | 9 (4.6) | 133 (6.4) | 0.7 (0.3,1.8) | |
| Homelessnessc | 35 (18.0) | 290 (14.0) | 1.4 (0.8,2.3) | |
| Long-term facilityd | 7 (3.6) | 26 (1.3) | 3.0 (1.0,9.1) | |
| Medical Risk Factors | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 (10.3) | 78 (3.8) | 2.9 (1.5,5.8) | |
| Other medical risk factore | 29 (14.9) | 96 (4.6) | 3.6 (2.0,6.5) | 3.3 (1.8,6.2) |
| Clinical Characteristics | ||||
| Disease site Pulmonary Extrapulmonary Both |
128 (65.6) 22 (11.2) 45 (23.1) |
1,167 (56.2) 398 (19.2) 513 (24.7) |
Ref 0.5 (0.3,0.9) 0.8 (0.5,1.3) |
|
| NAAT done | 113 (58.0) | 1,058 (50.9) | 1.3 (0.9,2.0) | |
| History of previous TB | 17 (8.7) | 127 (6.1) | 1.4 (0.7,2.9) | |
| TB attributed to recent transmissionf | 47 (24.1) | 318 (15.3) | 1.6 (1.0,2.5) | |
| Drug Resistant TB Susceptible Isoniazid (INH) (mono) Rifampin (Rif) (mono) INH/Rif (MDR) |
146 (89.0) 11 (6.7) 2 (1.2) 5 (3.1) |
1,412 (89.3) 140 (8.9) 12 (0.8) 17 (1.1) |
Ref 0.8 (0.3,1.8) 1.6 (0.2,11.7) 2.8 (0.8,10.8) |
|
| Receiving DOT | 131 (90.3) | 1,512 (95.4) | 0.5 (0.2,1.0) | 0.5 (0.2,1.0) |
Note: Bolded values indicate statistical significance at α=.01. Due to rounding, some confidence intervals may show 1.0.
Midwest: ND,SD,NE,KS,MN,IA,MO,WI,IL,IN,OH,MI
Northeast: PA,NJ,NY,CT,RI,MA,VT,NH,ME
South: TX,OK,AR,LA,MS,TN,KY,WV,MD,DC,DE,VA,NC,SC,FL,GA,AL
West: WA,OR,ID,CA,NV,MT,WY,UT,CO,AZ,NM,AK,HI
Substance use includes injection drug use, non-injection drug use, and excess alcohol use
Within year prior to diagnosis
At time of diagnosis
Includes end-stage renal disease, immunosuppression other than HIV, TNF-alpha antagonist therapy, post-organ transplant
Among 36,241 cases for whom recent transmission could be assessed. Estimated using algorithm described in France AM, et al. A Field-Validated Approach Using Surveillance and Genotyping Data to Estimate Tuberculosis Attributable to Recent Transmission in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 2015;182: 799–807.
NAAT: Nucleic acid amplification test
DOT: Directly observed therapy