Table 5.
Final multivariate mixed model results for risk factors associated with deaths ascribed to undesirable behaviour (UB) among dogs attending primary-care veterinary practices in Australia that died at three years of age or under. The breed variable has been ordered by descending odds ratio (OR). Age group 1: < 1.0 years; age group 2: 1.0– < 2.0 years; age group 3: aged 2.0– ≤ 3.0 years.
| Variable | Category | OR | 95% CI | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Female | Base | ||
| Male | 1.05 | 0.91–1.22 | 0.466 | |
| Age at death (years) | <1.0 | Base | ||
| 1.0– < 2.0 | 3.71 | 2.98–4.64 | <0.001 | |
| 2.0– ≤ 3.0 | 3.19 | 2.54–4.00 | <0.001 | |
| Neuter Status | Entire | Base | ||
| Neutered | 2.5 | 1.86–3.36 | <0.001 | |
| Combined | Neutered/Age < 1.0 | Base | ||
| Neutered/Age1.0– < 2.0 | 0.44 | 0.30–0.65 | <0.001 | |
| Neutered/Age2.0– ≤ 3.0 | 0.49 | 0.34–0.73 | <0.001 | |
| Breed | Labrador retreiver | Base | ||
| Australian cattle dog | 4.77 | 2.33–9.77 | <0.001 | |
| American Staffordshire terrier | 4.69 | 2.28–9.63 | <0.001 | |
| Miniature fox terrier | 4.08 | 1.47–11.31 | 0.007 | |
| Bull terrier | 3.18 | 1.22–8.28 | 0.018 | |
| Dachshund | 3.17 | 1.19–8.44 | 0.021 | |
| Shar-pei | 3.01 | 1.05–8.58 | 0.040 | |
| Cavalier King Charles spaniel | 3.00 | 1.22–7.39 | 0.017 | |
| Crossbred | 2.86 | 1.59–5.13 | <0.001 | |
| Maltese | 2.83 | 1.15–6.98 | 0.024 | |
| Jack Russell terrier | 2.78 | 1.25–6.17 | 0.012 | |
| Fox terrier | 2.71 | 0.90–8.17 | 0.076 | |
| Staffordshire bull terrier | 2.68 | 1.40–5.12 | 0.003 | |
| Beagle | 2.65 | 1.06–6.63 | 0.038 | |
| Chihuahua | 2.64 | 1.18–5.87 | 0.018 | |
| Border collie | 2.56 | 1.20–5.43 | 0.015 | |
| Australian kelpie | 2.30 | 1.04–5.08 | 0.039 | |
| Other purebred | 2.20 | 1.17–4.14 | 0.015 | |
| Boxer | 1.90 | 0.70–5.21 | 0.210 | |
| Bull mastiff | 1.72 | 0.61–4.90 | 0.307 | |
| Bull Arab | 1.68 | 0.62–4.51 | 0.306 | |
| Great Dane | 1.39 | 0.49–3.94 | 0.532 | |
| Neapolitan mastiff | 1.35 | 0.33–5.53 | 0.677 | |
| Toy/minature poodle | 1.30 | 0.47–3.61 | 0.611 | |
| Rottweiler | 1.20 | 0.53–2.73 | 0.663 | |
| Siberian husky | 1.19 | 0.38–3.75 | 0.766 | |
| Australian bulldog | 1.16 | 0.34–3.98 | 0.810 | |
| American bulldog | 1.14 | 0.39–3.31 | 0.809 | |
| German shepherd | 1.10 | 0.52–2.31 | 0.811 | |
| Cocker spaniel | 0.98 | 0.24–3.96 | 0.976 | |
| French bulldog | 0.79 | 0.24–2.63 | 0.699 | |
| Pomeranian | 0.76 | 0.20–2.93 | 0.686 | |
| Pug | 0.75 | 0.20–2.89 | 0.680 | |
| Dogue de Bordeaux | 0.72 | 0.18–2.78 | 0.630 | |
| Greyhound | 0.69 | 0.30–1.60 | 0.387 | |
| British bulldog | 0.31 | 0.04–2.59 | 0.280 | |
| Golden retriever | 0.23 | 0.03–1.86 | 0.168 |