Table 3.
Summary of mechanisms of oncological treatment.
| Targeted Mechanism | Targeted Pathway |
|---|---|
| DNA Repairing Deficiency and Microsatellite Instability | PARP |
| ATM | |
| ATR | |
| DNA-PK | |
| CHK1/2 | |
| Wee1 | |
| Epigenetic Alterations | miRNAs |
| DNA methyltransferase 1 | |
| HATs and HDACs | |
| Bromodomain proteins | |
| Key Signaling Pathways | KRAS, PI3K, mTOR |
| TP53 | |
| SMAD4 | |
| Tyrosine Kinase Signaling (EGFR, HER2, FAK, BTK) | |
| Tumor Microenvironment and Related Metabolic Reprogramming | HA |
| Hedgehog | |
| VEGF | |
| Glycolysis, monocarboxylate transporters | |
| Autophagy | |
| Immune Regulatory Networks | GM-CSF |
| Mutated KRAS peptides (T cell response) | |
| hTERT peptides (T cell response) | |
| Survivin peptides (T cell response) | |
| DCs (WT1) | |
| CD40 | |
| CTLA-4 | |
| PD-1/PD-L1 | |
| CD73 | |
| CD3/EGFR | |
| PSCA (ongoing) | |
| CEA+ (ongoing) | |
| CD133 (ongoing) | |
| Nectin 4/FAP (ongoing) | |
| CSF1/CSF1R (ongoing) | |
| CXCR-4 (ongoing) | |
| Pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cells (ongoing) |