Effect of OrA on IL-1β-mediated NF-κB and MAPK activation. Chondrocytes were pre-treated with or without 16 µM OrA for 2 h, and then stimulated with or without IL-1β (10 ng/ml) for different time periods (0, 15, 30 and 60 min). (A) The protein expression levels of p65 and IκBα, in addition to p65 phosphorylation were determined by western blot analysis. (B) which was then quantified. (C) The protein expression levels of ERK, JNK, JNK and p38, in addition to their corresponding phosphorylation levels, were determined by western blot analysis and (D) quantified. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation from three experimental repeats. ***P<0.001 vs. the IL-1β only group. OrA, oroxylin A; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IκBα, NF-κB inhibitor α; p-, phosphorylated.