Effects of LTAP on melanogenesis in murine B16F10 cells and normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs). (A) B16F10 cells were exposed to LTAP for 1, 3, or 5 min, and incubated further for 72 h. Cells were harvested and images were taken. (B) The melanin content in B16F10 cells and NHEMs was measured at 450 nm. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (control vs. LTAP-exposed cells). (C) B16F10 cells and NHEMs were exposed to LTAP for 1, 3, or 5 min, and further incubated for 24 h. The expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein-1, 2 (TYRP-1, 2) were measured by qRT-PCR analysis. Data are the means ± SD and represent three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (control vs. LTAP-exposed cells). (D) Cells were exposed to LTAP for 1, 3, or 5 min, and incubated for 72 h. The expression of MITF, TYR and TYRP-1, 2 was evaluated by Western blotting. β-actin was used as a loading control. Numerical values on the blots represent DU. The control was normalized to 1 DU. All data represent three independent experiments.