Table 1.
Baseline sociographic and clinical characteristics and comparisons between treatment completers and non-completers.
| Healthy Lifestyle Program (n = 54) |
Mindfulness Program (n = 54) |
Positive Affect Promotion Program (n = 56) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic and Clinical Variables | Total (n = 164; 100%) |
Completers (n = 22; 40.75%) |
Non-Completers (n = 32; 59.25%) |
Completers (n = 28; 51.85%) |
Non-Completers (n = 26; 48.5%) |
Completers (n = 18; 32.14%) |
Non-Completers (n = 38; 67.85%) |
| Age, mean (SD) | 45.03 (11.16) | 41.86 (10.21) | 45.69 (9.8) | 48.89 (12.80) | 44.65 (12.78) | 48.06 (8.83) | 42.29 (10.64) |
| Sex, n (%) | 164 | ||||||
| Male | 33 (20.1) | 6 (27.3) | 8 (25) | 4 (14.3) | 3 (11.5) | 6 (33.3) | 6 (15.8) |
| Female | 131 (79.9) | 16 (72.7) | 24 (75) | 24 (85.7) | 23 (88.5) | 12 (66.7) | 32 (84.2) |
| Family Status, n(%) | 157 | ||||||
| Single | 66 (42) | 11 (50) | 15 (51.7) | 11 (39.3) | 9 (40.9) | 6 (33.3) | 14 (36.8) |
| Married | 91 (58) | 11 (50) | 14 (48.3) | 17 (60.7) | 13 (59.1) | 12 (66.7) | 24 (63.2) |
| Educational Level, n (%) | 153 | ||||||
| Primary/Secondary | 104 (68) | 15 (71.4) | 24 (82.8) | 15 (57.7) | 13 (59.1) | 13 (72.2) | 24 (64.9) |
| University | 49 (32) | 6 (28.6) | 5 (17.2) | 11 (42.3) | 9 (40.9) | 5 (27.8) | 13 (35.1) |
| Lives, n (%) | 157 | ||||||
| Alone | 26 (16.6) | 5 (22.7) | 5 (17.2) | 6 (21.4) | 5 (22.7) | 1 (5.6) | 4 (10.5) |
| Accompanied | 131 (83.4) | 17 (77.3) | 24 (82.8) | 22 (78.6) | 17 (77.3) | 17 (94.4) | 34 (89.5) |
| Work Status, n (%) | 155 | ||||||
| Unemployment | 80 (51.6) | 11 (52.4) | 15 (51.7) | 18 (66.7) | 10 (43.5) | 8 (44.4) | 18 (48.6) |
| Paid employment | 75 (48.4) | 10 (47.6) | 14 (48.3) | 9 (33.3) | 13 (56.5) | 10 (55.6) | 19 (51.4) |
| Income level, n (%) | 149 | ||||||
| <NMW a | 48 (32.2) | 7 (35) | 9 (31) | 8 (29.6) | 7 (33.3) | 5 (29.4) | 12 (34.4) |
| 1–2 NMW | 48 (32.2) | 7 (35) | 11 (37.9) | 7 (25.9) | 6 (28.6) | 7 (41.2) | 10 (28.6) |
| >2 NMW | 53 (35.6) | 6 (30) | 9 (31) | 12 (44.4) | 8 (38.1) | 5 (29.4) | 13 (37.1) |
| Depression severity | |||||||
| PHQ b Basal, mean (SD) | 12.62 (2.34) | 11.86 (2.7) | 13.06 (2.2) | 12.82 (2.19) | 12.50 (2.93) | 12.39 (1.97) | 12.74 (2.07) |
| Change in depression severity, n | 106 | ||||||
| PHQ-Change c, mean, SD | 3.22 (5.93) | 4.67 (4.33) | 3.38 (4.96) | 2.96 (6.82) | 5.73 (6.96) | 1.11 (4.56) | 1.92 (7.63) |
| Perceived Health, n | 132 | ||||||
| EuroQoL VAS d, mean (SD) | 50.08 (22.44) | 55 (24.6) | 49.57 (18.46) | 47.86 (24.85) | 50.56 (28.38) | 39.44 (18.30) ** | 56.82 (16.15) ** |
| Physical Health SF-12 e, mean(SD) | 43.23 (11.26) | 44.06 (9.18) | 41.68 (9.31) | 44.71 (14.32) | 46.37 (13.65) | 38.37 (6.67) | 43.64 (11.25) |
| Mental Health SF-12, mean (SD) | 27.07 (10.12) | 28.56 (12.34) | 27.41 (10.57) | 25.36 (10.28) | 27.07 (9.85) | 29.23 (10) | 25.61 (7.53) |
| PANAS f, n | 132 | ||||||
| Positive Affect, mean (SD) | 18.70 (6.22) | 23.32 (6.85) *** | 16.25 (3.88) *** | 17.50 (4.89) | 19.50 (7) | 19.33 (6.94) | 17.14 (5.78) |
| Negative Affect, mean (SD) | 28.58 (8.29) | 27.77 (7.93) | 28.29 (8.13) | 28.61 (7.94) | 32 (9.6) | 27 (8.07) | 28.18 (8.95) |
| FFMQ g, n | 131 | ||||||
| Observing Subscale, mean (SD) | 20.69 (5.52) | 21.05 (5.09) | 20.17 (5.65) | 21.46 (6.8) | 21.50 (4.3) | 20.22 (4.58) | 19.59 (5.95) |
| Describing Subscale, mean (SD) | 23.43 (7.06) | 26.5 (5.72) * | 22.13 (6.59) * | 22.61 (7.62) | 24.06 (7.51) | 23.28 (7.08) | 22.36 (7.44) |
| Acting with awareness Subscale, mean (SD) | 23.09 (6.11) | 23 (7.38) | 22.96 (5.64) | 23.82 (5.96) | 22.61 (6.83) | 22.56 (4.42) | 23.23 (6.53) |
| Not judging inner experience Subscale, mean (SD) | 21.55 (6.92) | 22.27 (6.92) | 21.78 (6.26) | 20.82 (8.67) | 19.83 (6.26) | 20.56 (5.26) | 23.73 (6.89) |
| Not reacting to inner experience Subscale, mean (SD) | 18.40 (5.15) | 20.64 (5.76) | 18.13 (4.94) | 18.43 (4.96) | 18.50 (5.84) | 19.22 (4.27) * | 15.68 (4.22) * |
| Global Average PHI h, n, mean (SD) | 128 | ||||||
| 4.36 (1.83) | 5.26 (1.82) ** | 3.87 (1.39) ** | 4.17 (1.66) | 4.12 (2.34) | 4.20 (1.85) | 4.52 (1.83) | |
| Physician visits, n, mean (SD) | 133 | ||||||
| 6.63 (8.89) | 4.55 (5.76) | 6.36 (10.19) | 6.46 (7.67) | 5.47 (5.33) | 5.94 (6.88) | 9.96 (13.12) | |
| Psychopharmacologic treatment, n (%) | 127 | ||||||
| No | 37 (29.1) | 9 (47.4) | 5 (23.8) | 10 (35.7) | 4 (25) | 3 (17.6) | 6 (23.1) |
| Yes | 90(70.9) | 10 (52.6) | 16 (76.2) | 18 (64.3) | 12 (75) | 14 (82.4) | 20 (76.9) |
| Treatment expectations, n, mean (SD) |
128 | ||||||
| 44.07 (9.54) | 44.82 (8.59) | 44.32 (8.75) | 41.39 (13.34) | 44.82 (8.41) | 46.22 (7.21) | 44.14 (8) | |
| Adherence, n (%) | |||||||
| Completers | 68 (41.5) | ||||||
| No-Completers | 96 (58.5) | ||||||
Notes: a National Minimum Wage; b Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items; c Differences in PHQ-9 at baseline assessment minus PHQ-9 scores at post-treatment assessment; d Visual Analog Scale of the EuroQoL; e Short Form Health Survey; f Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; g Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire; h The Pemberton Happiness Index; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.