Table 7.
Pharmacological effects of natural antioxidants in aplastic anemia treatment.
| Bioactive Compound | Doses | In Vitro/ In Vivo/ Clinical Study |
Route of Administration | Model | Bioactive Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaf Panax notoginseng saponins (LPNS) | 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg | In vivo | intragastric administration daily for 14 days | Aplastic anemia model in BALB/c mice | ↑ WBC, platelets, RBC, Hb ↑ hematopoiesis -improve myelosuppression ↓ inflammation |
[247] |
| Curcumin and baicalein | -curcumin (1 and 4 g/kg) -baicalein (0.6 and 2 g/kg) dissolved in corn oil |
In vivo | intragastric administration once a day for 5 weeks | Aplastic anemia mouse model with iron overload | ↑ WBC ↑ Hb levels ↑ hepcidin and its regulators (BMP-6, SMAD4, and TfR2) |
[248] |
| Ginsenoside Rb1 | 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL |
In vivo | intraperitoneally injection daily for 12 days |
An immune-mediated aplastic anemia mouse model | ↑ WBC, HGB, PLT, and bone marrow stem cells ↓ T-cell activation by suppressing DC maturation |
[249] |
| Panaxadiol saponins component | 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg | In vivo | intragastric daily for 15 days |
Aplastic anemia model mice BALB/c mice |
↑ WBC, platelet, neutrophil counts -enhanced proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells ↑ peripheral blood CD3+ and CD3+CD4+ cells and ↓ CD3+CD8+ cells ↑ CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells, |
[250] |
| Saponins from Dioscorea nipponica |
37.44, 74.88, and 149.76 mg/kg | In vivo | orally for 14 days |
Aplastic anemia model mice | -alleviated pancytopenia with a hypocellular bone marrow ↑ the percentage of CD4+ cells in BMNC ↑ the CD4+/CD8+ ratio ↓ the pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-γ ↑the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 -inhibited Fas–FasL-induced BMNC apoptosis -suppressed intracellular apoptosis |
[251] |
LPNS, leaf Panax notoginseng saponins; BMP-6, bone morphogenic protein 6; HGB, hematocrit and hemoglobin; HPC, hematopoietic progenitor cells; CFU-GM, colony-forming unit for granulocytes and macrophages; CFU-E, colony forming unit-erythroid; BMNC, bone marrow nucleated cells; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; GATA-3, erythroid transcription factor-3.