Figure 3.

Summary of potential mechanisms by which MedDiet polyphenols modulate oxidative stress and inflammation associated with obesity. MedDiet polyphenols potentiate both AMPK- and Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways, reflected by anti-inflammatory adiponectin, PPARγ, and endogenous antioxidants (SOD, GSH, GPx, and GST) upregulation. On the other hand, PKC and NF-κB-dependent inflammation and oxidative stress are counteracted by MedDiet polyphenols, reflected by the downregulation of pro-inflammatory molecules (AP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, VCAM-1, and CRP), and oxidative stress mediators and operators (MD, NOX, iNOS, ROS, MDA).