Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics and bivariate analysis of changes in tobacco use during COVID-19.
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 1032) | Tobacco User (n = 471) | Change in Tobacco Use | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Change | Increased | ||||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p | |
| Overall | 396(84.1) | 75(15.9) | |||
| Division | |||||
| Barishal | 149(14.4) | 62(13.2) | 49(79.0) | 13(21.0) | 0.556 |
| Cottogram | 137(13.3) | 62(13.2) | 54(87.1) | 8(12.9) | |
| Dhaka | 210(20.4) | 99(21.0) | 79(79.8) | 20(20.2) | |
| Mymensingh | 63(6.1) | 25(5.3) | 20(80.0) | 5(20.0) | |
| Khulna | 158(15.3) | 72(15.3) | 64(88.9) | 8(11.1) | |
| Rajshahi | 103(10.0) | 44(9.3) | 36(81.8) | 8(18.2) | |
| Rangpur | 144(14.0) | 69(14.7) | 61(88.4) | 8(11.6) | |
| Sylhet | 68(6.6) | 38(8.1) | 33(86.8) | 5(13.2) | |
| Age (year, %) | |||||
| 60–69 | 803(77.8) | 363(77.1) | 297(81.8) | 66(18.2) | 0.014 |
| ≥70 | 229(22.2) | 108(22.9) | 99(91.7) | 9(8.3) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 676(65.5) | 339(72.0) | 286(84.4) | 53(15.6) | 0.783 |
| Female | 356(34.5) | 132(28.0) | 110(83.3) | 22(16.7) | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 840(81.4) | 390(82.8) | 320(82.1) | 70(18.0) | 0.008 |
| Widow/Widower | 192(18.6) | 81(17.2) | 76(93.8) | 5(6.2) | |
| Literacy | |||||
| Illiterate | 602(58.3) | 271(57.5) | 231(85.2) | 40(14.8) | 0.422 |
| literate | 430(41.7) | 200(42.5) | 165(82.5) | 35(17.5) | |
| Family size | |||||
| ≤4 | 318(30.8) | 134(28.5) | 115(85.8) | 19(14.2) | 0.514 |
| >4 | 714(69.2) | 337(71.6) | 281(83.4) | 56(16.6) | |
| Family income (BDT) | |||||
| <5000 | 145(14.1) | 60(12.7) | 43(71.7) | 17(28.3) | 0.001 |
| 5000–10,000 | 331(32.1) | 121(25.7) | 96(79.3) | 25(20.7) | |
| >10,000 | 556(53.9) | 290(61.6) | 257(88.6) | 33(11.4) | |
| Residence | |||||
| Urban | 269(26.1) | 132(28.0) | 124(93.9) | 8(6.1) | 0.000 |
| Rural | 763(73.9) | 339(72.0) | 272(80.2) | 67(19.8) | |
| Current occupation | |||||
| Employed | 419(40.6) | 236(50.1) | 201(85.2) | 35(14.8) | 0.516 |
| Unemployed | 613(59.4) | 235(49.9) | 195(83.0) | 40(17.0) | |
| Living arrangement | |||||
| Living with other family members | 953(92.3) | 440(93.4) | 372(84.6) | 68(15.5) | 0.295 |
| Living alone | 79(7.7) | 31(6.6) | 24(77.4) | 7(22.6) | |
| Dependent on family for living | |||||
| No | 329(31.9) | 146(31.0) | 119(81.5) | 27(18.5) | 0.307 |
| Yes | 703(68.1) | 325(69.0) | 277(85.2) | 48(14.8) | |
| Walking distance to the nearest health centre | |||||
| <30 min | 508(49.2) | 221(46.9) | 183(82.8) | 38(17.2) | 0.478 |
| ≥30 min | 524(50.8) | 250(53.1) | 213(85.2) | 37(14.8) | |
| Problem in memory or concentration | |||||
| No problem | 782(75.8) | 360(76.4) | 305(84.7) | 55(15.3) | 0.490 |
| Low memory or concentration | 250(24.2) | 111(23.6) | 91(82.0) | 20(18.0) | |
| Pre-existing chronic conditions | |||||
| No | 424(41.1) | 162(34.4) | 122(75.3) | 40(24.7) | 0.000 |
| Yes | 608(58.9) | 309(65.6) | 274(88.7) | 35(11.3) | |
| Concerned about COVID-19 | |||||
| Hardly | 299(29.0) | 118(25.1) | 99(83.9) | 19(16.1) | 0.951 |
| Sometimes/often | 733(71.0) | 353(74.9) | 297(84.1) | 56(15.9) | |
| Overwhelmed by COVID-19 | |||||
| Hardly | 370(36.4) | 142(30.7) | 117(78.0) | 33(22.0) | 0.014 |
| Sometimes/often | 647(63.6) | 321(79.3) | 279(86.9) | 42(13.1) | |
| Feeling himself at highest risk of COVID-19 | |||||
| No | 603(58.4) | 292(62.0) | 234(80.1) | 58(19.9) | 0.003 |
| Yes | 429(41.6) | 179(38.0) | 162(90.5) | 17(9.5) | |
| Difficulty in getting food during COVID-19 | |||||
| No | 553(55.3) | 221(48.0) | 186(84.2) | 35(15.8) | 0.629 |
| Yes | 447(44.7) | 239(52.0) | 205(85.8) | 34(14.2) | |
| Difficulty in getting medicine during COVID-19 | |||||
| No | 733(75.3) | 322(71.6) | 275(85.4) | 47(14.6) | 0.782 |
| Yes | 240(24.7) | 128(28.4) | 108(84.4) | 20(15.6) | |
| Difficulty receiving routine medical care during COVID-19 | |||||
| No | 751(72.8) | 311(66.0) | 254(81.7) | 57(18.3) | 0.047 |
| Yes | 281(27.2) | 160(34.0) | 142(88.8) | 18(11.2) | |
| Feeling of loneliness | |||||
| Hardly | 822(79.7) | 366(77.7) | 301(82.2) | 65(17.8) | 0.042 |
| Sometimes/often | 210(20.3) | 105(22.3) | 95(90.5) | 10(9.5) | |
| Frequency of communication during COVID-19 | |||||
| Same as previous | 598(58.0) | 298(63.3) | 267(89.6) | 31(10.4) | 0.000 |
| Less than previous | 434(42.0) | 173(36.7) | 129(74.6) | 44(25.4) | |
| Received financial support during COVID-19 | |||||
| No | 764(74.0) | 323(68.6) | 264(81.7) | 59(18.3) | 0.040 |
| Yes | 268(26.0) | 148(31.4) | 132(89.2) | 16(10.8) | |