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. 2021 Feb 12;22(4):1821. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041821

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Plasticity of cancer cell migration. (A)—A primary epithelial tumor through partial epithelial- mesenchymal transition (pEMT) or epithelial-mesenchymal transtion (EMT) gives rise to motile cells capable of invasion via individual or collective mesenchymal migration. Specific microenvironment conditions govern reversible transitions between mesenchymal and amoeboid migration modes (collective-amoeboid transition (CAT), mesenchymal-amoeboid transition (MAT), amoeboid-mesenchymal transition (AMT)). In a distant metastasis, cells cease to migrate and revert to the original epithelial phenotype (mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)). (B–D)—Modes of cancer cell migration. Reorganized actin cytoskeleton and relative activity of Rho and Rac in the front and rear of the cells during individual (B), collective (C), or amoeboid (D) migration.