Table 1.

Three-dimensional skeletal changes based on CBCT surface models.

N = 19		T1-T0	T2-T1	T2-T0
		1.5-years	2-years	3.5-years
		Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
A	overall	1.5 ± 1.5	0.9 ± 1.7	2.7 ± 0.9 *
	horizontal	1.5 ± 1.4	0.8 ± 1.5	2.6 ± 0.8 *
	vertical	−0.2 ± 0.5	0.1 ± 0.4	−0.1 ± 0.4
B	overall	1.2 ± 1.9	1.1 ± 1.9	2.4 ± 1.2
	horizontal	1.2 ± 1.9	1.0 ± 1.9	2.3 ± 1.2
	vertical	0.1 ± 0.4	0.0 ± 0.4	0.1 ± 0.4
Zygoma left	overall	1.7 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 1.3	3.9 ± 1.3 *
	horizontal	1.3 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 1.0 *
	vertical	0.4 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 0.7 #	1.4 ± 0.7 *
	transversal	1.0 ± 0.7	0.8 ± 0.8	1.6 ± 0.9 *
Zygoma right	overall	1.6 ± 1.2	2.0 ± 1.4	3.7 ± 1.1 *
	horizontal	1.2 ± 1.1	1.6 ± 1.3	3.0 ± 1.2 *
	vertical	0.4 ± 0.5	1.1 ± 0.7 #	1.5 ± 0.6 *
	transversal	0.6 ± 0.6	0.6 ± 0.5	1.2 ± 0.4 *
Zygoma overall	overall	1.7 ± 1.0	2.1 ± 1.2	3.8 ± 1.2 *
	horizontal	1.3 ± 0.9	1.6 ± 1.1	3.0 ± 0.9 *
	vertical	0.4 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 0.6 #	1.4 ± 0.7 *
	transversal	0.8 ± 0.6	0.7 ± 0.5	1.4 ± 0.7 *
Nasion	overall	0.7 ± 1.2	1.0 ± 1.1	1.7 ± 1.1 *
	horizontal	0.6 ± 1.1	1.0 ± 1.1	1.6 ± 1.1 *
	vertical	0.0 ± 0.3	0.1 ± 0.5	0.1 ± 0.3
Pogonion	overall	1.0 ± 2.0	1.3 ± 1.5	2.3 ± 1.5 *
	horizontal	1.0 ± 1.9	1.1 ± 1.4	2.0 ± 1.3
	vertical	0.2 ± 0.3	0.5 ± 0.7	0.7 ± 0.6 *
Menton	overall	1.6 ± 1.7	1.4 ± 2.0	3.1 ± 1.5 *
	horizontal	1.0 ± 1.1	0.6 ± 1.2	1.5 ± 0.8
	vertical	1.2 ± 1.4	1.3 ± 1.5	2.5 ± 1.3 *
U1	overall	2.3 ± 1.4	0.5 ± 1.6 #	2.8 ± 1.2
	horizontal	2.1 ± 1.4	0.4 ± 1.5 #	2.5 ± 1.1
	vertical	0.1 ± 0.6	−0.3 ± 0.7	−0.3 ± 1.0

The 3D surface model of T0 was set as the reference model, whereas T1 and T2 were set to be the test models. A difference is considered significant if p < 0.05. * indicates significant difference between ΔT2-T0 and ΔT1-T0, # indicates significant difference between ΔT2-T1 and ΔT1-T0.