Table 1.
Characteristics of included guidelines.
| No. | Developer # | Year | Region | Intended Population | Scope/Grading System | Number of References | Disciplines Involved in the Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ASPEN | 2010 | USA | Adult patients with AKI and CKD | Provision of nutrition support to patients with AKI and CKD/Level of evidence I–V | 64 | Physicians, nurses, pharmacologists, dieticians |
| 2 | DAA * | 2006 | Australia | Adults with CKD | Dietetic management of adult patients with CKD/Level of evidence I–IV | 19 | Dietitians, nephrologists, renal nurses |
| 3 | DGEM * | 2015 | Germany | Adults with AKD, CKD, dialysis and transplant patients | Nutrition support and metabolic management in the care of patients with renal dysfunction/No info | 77 | Physicians |
| 4 | EBPG | 2007 | Europe | Adult patients on dialysis | Prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition of patients on dialysis/No info | 337 | Dietitians, nephrologists |
| 5 | EDTNA-ERCA | 2003 | Europe | Adults with CKD | Support healthcare professionals on the task of nutrition advice of renal patients/No info | 53 | Physicians, dietitians, nurses |
| 6 | ESPEN | 2006 | Europe | Adult patients with renal failure and patients on dialysis | Recommendations for the use of ONS and TF in nephrology patients/Grade A–C | 72 | No info |
| 7 | ESPEN | 2009 | Europe | Adult patients with renal failure and patients on dialysis | Indications for parenteral nutrition in renal patients with malnutrition/Grade A–C | 123 | Physicians, dietitians |
| 8 | GARIN | 2018 | Spain | Adult patients with CKD stages 1–5 (including patients on dialysis) | define dietary characteristics for adults with renal diseases/GRADE-ASPEN | 96 | Endocrinology and nutrition specialists |
| 9 | KDOQI * | 2020 | International | Adult patients with CKD stages 1–5, (including patients on dialysis), and patients with functional kidney transplant | Provision of MNT guidelines for patients with CKD to assess, prevent, and treat protein-energy wasting, mineral and electrolyte disorders, and other metabolic comorbid conditions associated with CKD/Grade A-D |
531 | Physicians, registered dietitians- nutritionists, researchers, methodologists with expertise in the renal and nutrition field |
| 10 | Renal Association | 2019 | UK | Adult patients with CKD stages 4 and 5 (including dialysis) | Prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of undernutrition in chronic kidney disease/The modified GRADE system | 75 | No information |
| 11 | SIN-ANDID-ANED | 2018 | Italy | Adult patients with advanced renal insufficiency | Promotion of a successful and safe implementation of nutritional treatment for CKD patients/No info | 167 | Nephrologists, dietitians, patients |
CKD: Chronic kidney disease, NA: Not Applicable, AKI: Acute Kidney Injury, AKD: Acute Kidney Disease, GRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, MNT: Medical Nutrition Therapy, ONS: Oral Nutritional Supplements, TF: Tube feeding, UK: United Kingdom. ASPEN: American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, DAA: Dietitians Association of Australia, DGEM: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin-German Society for Nutritional Medicine, EBPG: European Best Practice Guidelines, EDTNA-ERCA: European Dialysis and Transplantation Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association, ESPEN: European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, KDOQI: Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative, SIN-ANDID-ANED: Italian Society of Nephrology-Association of Dieticians-Italian Association of Hemodialysis, Dialysis and Transplant, and GARIN: Andalusian Group for Nutrition Reflection and Investigation. # All developers are medical/nutritional societies. * Updated version of guidelines.