Table 6.

Simulation parameters for frontal-oriented mainlobe partial CSC⁴ using crossed dipole as an antenna element.

Comparison Item	This Work	Ref. [6]	Ref. [20]
General array structure	Concentric circular, conical, and cylindrical	Conical only	Conical and cylindrical
Mainlobe-oriented partial array formation	Yes	Not examined	No
Maximum amplitude always at the nearest element to the mainlobe direction	Yes	No	No
Elevation scanning range at almost constant beamwidth	$-70°\le \theta \le 70°$	$-40°\le \theta \le 120°$	$0°\le \theta \le 30°$ at $30°\le \varphi \le 150°$, $30°\le \theta \le 180°$ at $60°\le \varphi \le 150°$
Beamwidth variation over scanning range	$~1°$	$~4°$	$~15°$
Azimuth scanning range	$-180°\le \varphi \le 180°$	$-60°\le \varphi \le 60°$	$30°\le \varphi \le 150°$
Beamwidth at broadside direction	Determined at the same total number of elements and base radius of the compared array	$14°$ Proposed array beamwidth = $18°$ at 117 elements and with cylindrical base radius of $3\lambda$	$30°$ Proposed array beamwidth = $18°$ at 88 elements and with cylindrical base radius of 6.9$\lambda$
Highest sidelobe level relative to a mainlobe formed at the array broadside direction	−40 dB	−30 dB	−15.5 dB
Mainlobe gain in dB	26.04 dB	24 dB	20 dB
Antenna elements feeding method	Adaptive cosine exponent tapered amplitude feeding	Genetic algorithm	Constant tapered amplitude feeding
Element design	Crossed dipole antenna with PEC ground plane	Slots on conical surface	Microstrip antenna