Table 3.
Odds ratiosa and 95% CIs of alcohol and/or gun involved suicides associated with 10 percentage point increase in alcohol policy score or gun policy score, compared to no alcohol or firearm involvement
| Alcohol Involved Only OR (95% CI) (n = 1817) |
Firearm Involved Only OR (95% CI) (n = 2481) |
Alcohol and Firearm- Involved OR (95% CI) (n = 1451) |
Alcohol or Firearm- Involved OR (95% CI) (n = 5479) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| APS Predictor | ||||
| Model | ||||
| Unadjusted GEE Model | 0.80 (0.72, 0.88)* | 1.14 (1.06, 1.23)* | 1.02 (0.93, 1.11) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) |
| Adjusted GEE Model Ib (individual-level covariates) | 0.78 (0.70, 0.86)* | 1.15 (1.06, 1.23)* | 1.02 (0.93, 1.11) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) |
| Adjusted GEE Model IIc (individual-and state-level covariates) | 0.83 (0.62, 1.09) | 1.05 (0.86, 1.28) | 0.99 (0.71, 1.38) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.12) |
| Adjusted GEE Model III (addition of bac testing rate to model II) | 0.96 (0.75, 1.23) | 0.94 (0.76, 1.16) | 1.06 (0.76, 1.50) | 0.97 (0.78, 1.20) |
| Adjusted GEE Model IV (addition of gun policy score to model III) | 0.84 (0.60, 1.17) | 0.62 (0.47, 0.81)* | 0.46 (0.30, 0.71)* | 0.66 (0.51, 0.85)* |
| Firearm Policy Predictor | ||||
| Model | ||||
| Unadjusted GEE Model | 1.06 (1.02, 1.10)* | 0.83 (0.80, 0.85)* | 0.89 (0.86, 0.93)* | 0.93 (0.90, 0.95)* |
| Adjusted GEE Model I (individual-level covariates) | 1.07 (1.03, 1.11)* | 0.81 (0.79, 0.84)* | 0.89 (0.85, 0.93)* | 0.93 (0.90, 0.96)* |
| Adjusted GEE Model II (individual-and state-level covariates) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) | 0.92 (0.86, 0.99)* | 0.81 (0.70, 0.94)* | 0.90 (0.80, 0.99)* |
| Adjusted GEE Model III (addition of bac testing rate to model II) | 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) | 0.90 (0.84, 0.96)* | 0.82 (0.71, 0.95)* | 0.90 (0.81, 1.01) |
| Adjusted GEE Model IV (addition of APS to model III) | 0.92 (0.77, 1.10) | 0.79 (0.72, 0.87)* | 0.68 (0.57, 0.82)* | 0.82 (0.71, 0.94)* |
Referent group is neither gun nor alcohol involved
a Odds ratio was based on 10 point increase in APS or Gun Law score
b Adjusted GEE model I controls for victim’s age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, and mental health status
c Adjusted GEE model II additionally controls for state proportions of male, age ≥ 21, racial and ethnic composition, college degree or above, household income, unemployment, police rate per capita, degree of urbanization, and religiosity
*Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals are significant at α = 0.05