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. 2021 Mar 1;20:57. doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01237-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Changes in myocardial energetics, metabolic profile and ectopic fat stores at 12 weeks of treatment in humans. a Changes in glycosuria, blood ketone body levels, hematocrit and PCr/ATP ratio obtained by ³¹P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in placebo and EMPA group. b Liver and pancreatic fat content assessed with ¹H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy change between baseline and 12 weeks in placebo and EMPA group. c Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat change measured at L4-L5 intervertebral disk level; Epicardial fat volume assessed on cine MRI short axis slices and myocardial fat assessed with ¹H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy at the interventricular septum with a single-voxel PRESS sequence. Placebo (n = 16), EMPA (n = 18). Data represent mean values ± SEM. Differences between baseline and 12 weeks were determined by paired t-test/Wilcoxon test and differences between groups with ANOVA; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001