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. 2021 Feb 22:1–14. doi: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1884248

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© 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 3. — An illustration showing that cytokine release syndrome, cytokine storm, MIS-C, and a Kawasaki disease like syndrome seen in COVID-19 patients and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis are all variations of a hyperactive inflammatory disorder associated with infection. The manifestation of these syndromes or lack thereof is highly dependent on the immune system responses specific for each individual infected host and there may be both genetic (inherent) and environmental (external) factors that lead to the variability in the response. CRS = Cytokine release syndrome, MIS-C = multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, HLH = Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, KD (COVID-19) = Kawasaki disease seen in COVID-19 patients. A, B and C show symptoms in COVID-19 patients that may also be present in related inflammatory conditions.