TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population
| Maternal Disease | Maternal Age, % (No.) | Maternal Education,a % (No.) | Single Mother, % (No.) | Gestational Age, % (No.) | Multiple Births, % (No.) | Maternal Smoking,b % (No.) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤18 y | ≥40 y | Low | High | <32 wk | 32–36 wk | >42 wk | ||||
| Type 2 diabetesb | 0.2 (4) | 7.7 (136) | 29.4 (488) | 36.6 (607) | 7.3 (128) | 1.7 (30) | 14.1 (249) | 1.2 (21) | 4.3 (75) | 15.4 (271) |
| Lupus erythematosus | 0 | 3.3 (15) | 14.4 (65) | 54.5 (246) | 7.4 (34) | 3.5 (16) | 15.2 (70) | 1.5 (7) | 4.8 (22) | 13.1 (51) |
| Type 1 diabetesb | 0.8 (27) | 3.3 (123) | 19.0 (705) | 48.7 (1808) | 6.8 (258) | 2.7 (101) | 22.3 (842) | 1.2 (46) | 3.7 (140) | 16.0 (603) |
| Crohn disease | 0.2 (3) | 1.7 (27) | 13.0 (206) | 52.2 (830) | 4.7 (75) | 1.6 (25) | 8.9 (143) | 1.9 (30) | 3.8 (61) | 18.0 (261) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1.1 (55) | 3.2 (157) | 21.9 (1079) | 43.6 (2146) | 7.8 (386) | 1.1 (55) | 7.4 (369) | 6.4 (323) | 3.9 (194) | 16.7 (433) |
| Multiple sclerosis | 0.2 (2) | 3.1 (35) | 13.6 (148) | 56.2 (611) | 4.9 (54) | 1.0 (11) | 6.6 (72) | 3.4 (37) | 4.1 (45) | 14.5 (119) |
| Migraine | 1.0 (124) | 2.8 (354) | 15.1 (1871) | 53.5 (6644) | 6.8 (858) | 0.9 (109) | 5.7 (716) | 2.4 (305) | 3.3 (416) | 13.1 (1408) |
| Chronic hypertension | 0.3 (18) | 6.5 (427) | 17.0 (1102) | 48.3 (3135) | 5.0 (327) | 3.5 (233) | 12.5 (827) | 3.4 (222) | 3.6 (237) | 13.4 (657) |
| Anemia | 1.2 (40) | 3.1 (103) | 27.8 (861) | 39.2 (1213) | 7.3 (242) | 1.1 (38) | 6.3 (210) | 6.2 (207) | 3.1 (104) | 9.6 (178) |
| Asthma | 2.0 (978) | 2.3 (1136) | 23.1 (11 229) | 42.8 (20 801) | 10.2 (5024) | 0.9 (464) | 6.1 (3006) | 4.4 (2167) | 3.3 (1618) | 21.8 (7803) |
| Thyroid disorder | 0.3 (38) | 5.0 (766) | 13.9 (2063) | 57.2 (8503) | 5.0 (758) | 1.2 (187) | 6.7 (1019) | 0.3 (43) | 4.2 (644) | 11.9 (1463) |
| Epilepsy | 1.7 (161) | 2.1 (191) | 25.4 (2315) | 39.1 (3558) | 9.4 (871) | 1.1 (104) | 6.8 (627) | 5.7 (524) | 3.0 (279) | 19.6 (1194) |
| Ulcerous colitis | 0.3 (6) | 2.8 (69) | 9.5 (230) | 62.4 (1504) | 4.2 (101) | 1.1 (27) | 7.1 (172) | 2.3 (55) | 3.9 (94) | 9.6 (206) |
| Gestational diabetes | 0.4 (57) | 6.2 (867) | 2387 (3160) | 43.0 (5706) | 5.5 (759) | 1.2 (162) | 9.7 (1345) | 3.8 (531) | 4.6 (630) | 13.0 (1400) |
| Celiac disease | 0.6 (17) | 2.5 (75) | 13.5 (399) | 56.8 (1681) | 5.5 (165) | 0.6 (17) | 5.2 (156) | 3.9 (117) | 3.6 (107) | 9.5 (221) |
| Heart disease | 0.6 (44) | 3.4 (233) | 17.5 (1164) | 52.1 (3474) | 6.8 (473) | 1.2 (81) | 7.8 (540) | 2.6 (180) | 4.0 (275) | 13.8 (818) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.8 (236) | 1.9 (248) | 22.1 (2861) | 43.9 (5692) | 9.0 (1190) | 1.3 (177) | 7.8 (1021) | 6.9 (912) | 3.2 (419) | 18.8 (1183) |
| Any autoimmune conditionb | 0.5 (134) | 4.0 (1182) | 14.2 (4080) | 55.9 (16 054) | 5.7 (1661) | 1.4 (399) | 8.7 (2544) | 0.2 (60) | 4.1 (1195) | 15.2 (3842) |
| Any chronic condition | 1.2 (1690) | 3.2 (4371) | 20.4 (27 623) | 46.7 (63 151) | 7.9 (10 798) | 1.2 (1643) | 7.6 (10 228) | 1.0 (1338) | 3.6 (4956) | 3.4 (24 954) |
| No conditionc | 1.1 (7405) | 2.5 (18 101) | 16.9 (117 594) | 53.1 (370 602) | 6.1 (43 495) | 0.9 (6362) | 5.4 (38 623) | 0.3 (2240) | 3.4 (24 994) | 14.1 (102 254) |
| Total population | 1.3 (17 089) | 2.2 (30 081) | 18.1 (246 576) | 46.8 (638 242) | 6.8 (92 314) | 0.9 (12 326) | 5.3 (72 645) | 5.5 (74 557) | 3.2 (44 038) | 14.4 (118 366) |
a
Highest education level (low: primary school; high: college, university, or PhD).
b
Data available for 1999–2013.
c
Children of mothers with none of the diseases listed above.