Table 1.
Selected baseline clinical and biochemical variables in a cohort of 81 patients with diabetes with and without progression of diabetic retinopathy.
| No progression of retinopathy (n = 35) | Retinopathy progression (n = 46) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60.7 ± 9.3 | 61.2 ± 8.8 | 0.79 |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 13.8 ± 8.2 | 12.7 ± 11.1 | 0.62 |
| RAAS blockade | 89% | 93% | 0.44 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.3 ± 6.0 | 32.6 ± 6.4 | 0.81 |
| HbA1c, % (mmol/mol) | 7.7 ± 1.4 (61 ± 7) | 7.6 ± 1.4 (60 ± 7) | 0.67 |
| SBP, mmHg | 151.6 ± 16.5 | 156.7 ± 13.9 | 0.13 |
| DBP, mmHg | 79.6 ± 10.0 | 81.5 ± 9.6 | 0.40 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2/year | 69.0 ± 27.3 | 81.7 ± 23.7 | 0.03 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 0.94 |
| Klotho, pg/ml* | 484.5 (221.8–709.9) | 226.9 (171.1–394.0) | 0.001 |
| FGF-23, RU/ml | 56.5 ± 42.4 | 58.9 ± 32.2 | 0.81 |
| Serum calcium, mg/l | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 0.02 |
| Phosphate, mmol/l | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.45 |
| 25 vitamin D, ng/ml | 44.8 ± 20.3 | 35.9 ± 21.6 | 0.12 |
| hsCRP, mg/l** | 4.7 ± 5.1 | 4.0 ± 4.7 | 0.61 |
| VCAM-1, ng/ml** | 508.3 ± 204.2 | 606.9 ± 276.3 | 0.36 |
| Ox-LDL, U/l** | 48.9 ± 22.0 | 48.2 ± 20.6 | 0.61 |
BMI: body mass index; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; RAAS: renin angiotensin aldosterone system; FGF-23: fibroblast growth factor 23; hsCRP: high sensitivity C reactive protein; VCAM-1: vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1; Ox-LDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein.
Mean ± SD, n (%) or * median (interquartile range).
**
Results available for sub-group of 54 patients (n = 17 without progression and n = 37 with progression of retinopathy).