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. 2021 Mar 1;7:43. doi: 10.1038/s41420-021-00428-w

Fig. 1. SARS-CoV-2 induces lytic monocyte cell death.

Fig. 1

Human monocytes were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (MOI 0.1) for 24 h. As a positive control, monocytes were stimulated with LPS (500 ng/mL) for 23 h and, after this time, incubated with ATP (2 mM) for 1 h. A Cell viability was assessed through the measurement of LDH levels in the culture supernatant. B–D Monocytes were stained with propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V. E Monocytes were stained with PI and DAPI, scale bar 20 μm. Images and graph data are representative of six independent experiments. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM *P < 0.05 versus control group (MOCK-infected).