Table 2.
Quantification of phenolic compounds in olive fruits (cv. Cornezuelo) at different harvest times and harvest seasons.
| Cornezuelo | 2017/2018 | 2018/2019 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd HD | 3rd HD | 4th HD | 1st HD | 2nd HD | 3rd HD | 4th HD | ||||
| MI | 2 | 3.5 | 4 | 1 | 1.5 | 3 | 4 | |||
| (Seco)iridoids | ||||||||||
| 5 | Oleoside/secologanoside | 20 ± 2 b | 26 ± 3 b | 100 ± 10 a | 25 ± 3 c | 38.4 ± 0.3 c | 102 ± 5 b | 220 ± 20 a | ||
| 6 | Oleoside-11-methylester | 0.48 ± 0.03 b | 6.1 ± 0.5 b | 65 ± 6 a | 12.3 ± 0.7 d | 22 ± 2 c | 70 ± 2 b | 128 ± 5 a | ||
| 7 | Oleuropein aglycone | 3.62 ± 0.08 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | - | 2.2 ± 0.1 b | 2.4 ± 0.1 b | 6.3 ± 0.1 a | - | ||
| 9 | Elenolic acid glucoside | 11 ± 2 b | 7.8 ± 0.5 b | 47 ± 1 a | 16 ± 2 c | 14.19 ± 0.05 c | 69 ± 5 b | 88 ± 7 a | ||
| 15 | Dihydrooleuropein | - | - | - | 4.6 ± 0.5 a | 4.3 ± 0.5 a | 4.4 ± 0.5 a | 4.6 ± 0.4 a | ||
| 16 | Oleuropein glucoside | 7.8 ± 0.3 b | 11.4 ± 0.2 a | 6.8 ± 0.7 b | 6.3 ± 0.7 b | 6.5 ± 0.3 b | 9.2 ± 0.9 a | 7.7 ± 0.3 ab | ||
| 17 | Oleuropein glucoside | 2.3 ± 0.3 c | 4.0 ± 0.4 b | 9.3 ± 0.9 a | 2.63 ± 0.01 c | - | 11.7 ± 0.6 b | 14 ± 1 a | ||
| 18 | 6′-β-hexopyranosyloleoside | 35 ± 3 ab | 39 ± 4 a | 30.8 ± 0.3 b | 30 ± 3 a | 32.5 ± 0.4 a | 32 ± 2 a | 32 ± 1 a | ||
| 20 | Elenolic acid glucoside derivative | - | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 24 ± 2 | - | - | - | 13.2 ± 0.6 | ||
| 21 | Oleuropein | 24 ± 1 c | 60 ± 3 b | 88 ± 5 a | 61 ± 5 c | 78 ± 6 c | 131 ± 8 b | 160 ± 10 a | ||
| 22 | Comselogoside isomer | 99 ± 8 ab | 110 ± 10 a | 81.9 ± 0.6 b | 62 ± 5 b c | 64.7 ± 0.1 ab | 70 ± 1 a | 55 ± 2 c | ||
| 23 | Oleuropein isomer | 37 ± 4 | 42 ± 4 | 30.3 ± 0.2 | 34 ± 3 a | 38 ± 2 a | 35 ± 1 a | 28 ± 2 b | ||
| 24 | Comselogoside isomer | 5.6 ± 0.6 b | 11 ± 1 a | 9.4 ± 0.9 a | 5.3 ± 0.6 b | 5.0 ± 0.2 b | 5.1 ± 0.1 b | 6.4 ± 0.3 a | ||
| 26 | Ligstroside | 2.7 ± 0.3 b | 6.6 ± 0.7 a | 7.2 ± 0.8 a | 7.9 ± 0.9 b | 7.6 ± 0.6 b | 19 ± 2 a | 10 ± 1 b | ||
| 27 | Oleoside/secologanoside derivative | 16.53 ± 0.04 a | 13 ± 1 b | 15 ± 1 ab | 9.2 ± 0.9 c | 8.808 ± 0.003 c | 17 ± 2 a | 13.0 ± 0.3 b | ||
| Total | 270 ± 10 c | 340 ± 10 b | 510 ± 10 a | 278 ± 9 d | 322 ± 7 c | 580 ± 10 b | 780 ± 20 a | |||
| Other compounds | ||||||||||
| 3 | Hydroxytyrosol glucoside | 2.4 ± 0.3 c | 12 ± 1 b | 30 ± 3 a | 3.15 ± 0.05 d | 6.5 ± 0.4 c | 10.8 ± 0.7 b | 35.9 ± 0.9 a | ||
| 11 | Hydroxytyrosol glucoside derivative | - | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 9.5 ± 0.2 | - | - | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 12.2 ± 0.6 | ||
| 12 | Rutin | 19 ± 1 a | 17 ± 2 a | 5.7 ± 0.5 b | 4.5 ± 0.5 b | 4.7 ± 0.5 b | 10.9 ± 0.9 a | 3.3 ± 0.3 b | ||
| 13 | Verbascoside | 0.026 ± 0.002 c | 0.26 ± 0.03 b | 2.47 ± 0.01 a | 0.040 ± 0.003 c | - | 2.38 ± 0.08 b | 6.39 ± 0.09 a | ||
| 14 | Luteolin-O-hexoside | 10.9 ± 0.6 b | 18 ± 2 a | 10.7 ± 0.1 b | - | 1.5 ± 0.1 c | 9.2 ± 0.8 a | 6.9 ± 0.5 b | ||
| Total | 32 ± 1 c | 51 ± 3 b | 58 ± 3 a | 7.7 ± 0.5 d | 12.7 ± 0.6 c | 38 ± 1 b | 65 ± 1 a | |||
| TIPC | 300 ± 10 c | 390 ± 10 b | 570 ± 10 a | 286 ± 9 d | 335 ± 7 c | 620 ± 10 b | 840 ± 20 a | |||
Values (mg/100 g fresh weight) are mean ± SD of three parallel measurements. Different superscripts (a, b, c and d) indicate significant differences in the extracts (p < 0.05). MI: Maturity Index.