Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of Chinese adults with hypertension based on China Health and Nutrition Survey 2011
| All | Women | Men | P-value** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size (N) | 3579 | 1775 | 1804 | |
| Age (year, mean ± SD) | 60.0 ± 12.4 | 61.6 ± 11.7 | 58.5 ± 12.9 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 5.4 | 25.4 ± 5.2 | 25.2 ± 5.6 | 0.13 |
| Residence (%) | ||||
| Urban | 41.5 | 41.5 | 41.5 | 1.0 |
| Rural | 58.5 | 58.5 | 58.5 | |
| Geographic regionb (%) | 0.33 | |||
| Western China | 20.1 | 21.1 | 19.1 | |
| Eastern China | 49.4 | 48.6 | 50.3 | |
| Central China | 30.5 | 30.3 | 30.6 | |
| Marital statusa (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Married | 83.2 | 76.0 | 90.3 | |
| Single | 16.8 | 24.0 | 9.7 | |
| Ethnicity | 1.0 | |||
| Han | 92.0 | 92.0 | 90.0 | |
| Minority | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | |
| Occupational status (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Employed | 44.1 | 32.1 | 56.0 | |
| Unemployed | 55.9 | 67.9 | 44.0 | |
| Health insurance (%) | ||||
| Insured | 95.8 | 95.9 | 95.7 | 0.82 |
| Not insured | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.3 | |
| Education (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| ≤ Elementary school | 48.2 | 60.8 | 35.7 | |
| Middle school | 27.4 | 22.4 | 32.4 | |
| High school | 17.1 | 13.0 | 21.1 | |
| ≥ College | 7.3 | 3.8 | 10.8 | |
| Smoking (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Non-smoker | 65.9 | 94.3 | 38.0 | |
| Ex-smoker | 6.4 | 0.8 | 11.8 | |
| Smoker | 27.7 | 4.9 | 50.2 | |
| Alcohol consumption (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Drinking | 34.5 | 8.7 | 59.9 | |
| Not drinking | 65.5 | 91.3 | 40.1 | |
| Weight status (%) | 0.01 | |||
| Normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24) | 36.4 | 36.0 | 36.8 | |
| Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.0 | |
| Overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28) | 41.0 | 39.1 | 42.8 | |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 28) | 20.5 | 22.6 | 18.4 | |
Hypertension was defined as having an average systolic blood pressure BP ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, self-reported being previously diagnosed as hypertension by a physician or taking antihypertension drugs currently;
Non-smoker was defined as subjects who responded negatively to “have you ever smoked cigarettes?”; ex-smoker was defined as subjects who responded positively to questions “have you ever smoked cigarettes?” but negatively to “do you still smokes cigarettes?”; current smoker was defined as subjects who responded both positive answers to questions “have you ever smoked cigarettes?” and “do you still smokes cigarettes?”; drinking refers to subject who regularly drink alcohol since last year
**p-value was calculated from t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables
aSingle includes never married, divorced, widowed and separated;
bWestern China includes Guangxi, Guizhou and Chongqing; Eastern China includes Shanghai, Beijing, Jiangsu, Liaoning and Shandong; Central China includes Henan, Hubei, Henan and Heilongjiang;