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. 2021 Feb 15;13(4):810. doi: 10.3390/cancers13040810

Figure 1.

Figure 1

LIGHT-VTP therapy has distinct intra-tumoral effects at different stages during metastatic progression. Left, LIGHT-VTP therapy normalizes primary tumor vessels and improves vessel integrity and tumor perfusion, which also limits tumor cell intravasation into the circulation (30); arrows indicate well perfused vessels in yellow (overlay of CD31+ blood vessels (red) with i.v.-injected FITC-lectin (green) as surrogate marker for perfusion). Middle, LIGHT-VTP therapy reverses the hyperpermeability of pre-metastatic lung vessels (green) as measured by extravasated high molecular dextran (red). Arrow heads illustrate hyperpermeable areas in tumor-conditioned, untreated lung. In correlation with reduction of hyperpermeability, LIGHT-VTP treatment also reduces ECM (fibronectin) deposition and extravasation of circulating tumor cells (30). Right, in overt metastases, LIGHT-VTP therapy normalizes blood vessels, induces HEVs and small immature T and B cell clusters. LIGHT-VTP sensitizes to anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibition and double treatment induces mature TLS with distinct T cell (red) and B cell (green) zones, and HEVs (white). Scale bars, 50 µm.