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Table 1.

Acute neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) symptoms in infants

Symptomsa
High-pitched cry
Irritability
Difficulty sleeping
Increased muscle tone
Tremors
Skin excoriation (due to excessive movement)
Hyperthermia
Loose stools
Yawning
Sweating
Nasal stuffiness
Sneezing

aData adapted from Kraft et al. (2016).