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. 2021 Feb 27:1–36. doi: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1883600

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This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 6. — (A) Induction of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) from neutrophils by SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 induce the neutrophil expansion and NET release. NET release promote the IL-1β secretion from macrophages which further leads to inflammation. SARS-CoV-2 also induce the IL-1β secretion from macrophages by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. IL-1β further stimulate NET release and forms a positive feedback loop. (B) NET release causes ARDS, thrombosis and coagulation in COVID-19 patients (Figure illustrated with the help of https://smart.servier.com/. ).