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. 2021 Mar 1;35:100446. doi: 10.1016/j.epidem.2021.100446

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© 2021 The Author

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Fig. 2 — These panels show the evolution of various modelled parameters for epidemics initialised under different conditions. For all epidemics R_max = 4 and the model is initialized with type O index cases comprising 1/1,000,000 of the population. Since type O transmits freely to all recipients, R(t) = R_max at time t = 0.

A: R_max = 4, ρ = 20 %, “Western” population blood type distribution, 38 % A / 14 % B / 4 % AB / 44 % O.

B: R_max = 4, ρ = 80 %, “Western” population blood type distribution as above.

C: R_max = 4, ρ = 20 %, “Indian” population blood type distribution, 21.4 % A / 39.9 % B / 9.4 % AB / 29.3 % O (Cooling, 2015).

D: R_max = 4, ρ = 20 %, “Peruvian” population blood type distribution, 18.9 % A / 8.1 % B / 1.6 % AB / 71.4 % O (Watanabe et al., 2020).

For all sub-panels, X axis denotes days. Y axes: (first column) proportion of the population infected; (second column) R(t) as a fraction of R_max; (third column) distribution of blood types among currently infected individuals; (fourth column) cumulative risk of infection for each blood type relative to type O.