Figure 3. Human mannose ingestion test reveals increased urinary Kdn.

Mannose (0.20 g/kg body weight) was used for the human ingestion test (healthy volunteers, n = 5). (A) Time course (0–8 hours after mannose ingestion) for serum and urine mannose levels, which were measured by GC-MS. (B) Urinary Kdn levels were evaluated by HPLC. Data are shown as the mean (SD). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, by 2-way ANOVA.