Table 5.
Plasma and urine concentrations of inflammatory and cardio-metabolic biomarkers, blood pressure, and anthropometrics according to the quartiles of the youth-style pattern 1.
| Youth-Style Pattern 1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p-Value for Trend | |
| Biomarkers | |||||
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) 2 | 0.13 (1.43) | 0.13 (1.45) | 0.13 (1.47) | 0.12 (1.42) | 0.003 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) 2 | 3.38 (1.08) | 3.35 (1.09) | 3.32 (1.09) | 3.19 (1.09) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 2 | 200.39 (1.05) | 195.46 (1.06) | 191.24 (1.06) | 182.16 (1.06) | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) 2 | 123.49 (1.07) | 119.48 (1.07) | 116.09 (1.08) | 109.02 (1.07) | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) 2 | 53.07 (1.13) | 52.16 (1.13) | 51.07 (1.13) | 49.82 (1.12) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) 2 | 96.68 (1.19) | 95.73 (1.18) | 96.06 (1.19) | 91.81 (1.17) | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) 2 | 94.17 (1.07) | 92.63 (1.07) | 91.49 (1.07) | 87.84 (1.06) | <0.001 |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) 2 | 7.22 (1.13) | 7.41 (1.13) | 7.67 (1.14) | 7.71 (1.13) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR 2 | 1.68 (1.19) | 1.70 (1.19) | 1.73 (1.20) | 1.67 (1.18) | 0.903 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) 2 | 5.20 (1.19) | 5.13 (1.18) | 5.10 (1.19) | 4.97 (1.18) | <0.001 |
| Urine albumin (mg/dL) 2 | 5.42 (1.19) | 5.96 (1.19) | 6.59 (1.20) | 7.51 (1.18) | <0.001 |
| Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/g creatinine) 2 |
5.35 (1.21) | 5.34 (1.22) | 5.39 (1.24) | 5.01 (1.22) | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131.78 (9.09) | 129.93 (9.08) | 128.70 (9.52) | 124.11 (8.66) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.08 (3.02) | 76.11 (2.95) | 75.42 (3.13) | 73.71 (2.92) | <0.001 |
| Anthropometrics | |||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.18 (1.99) | 26.86 (2.00) | 26.73 (2.08) | 26.02 (1.88) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 92.48 (8.59) | 91.17 (8.39) | 90.62 (8.77) | 87.68 (8.14) | <0.001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.89 (0.07) | 0.88 (0.06) | 0.88 (0.07) | 0.85 (0.06) | <0.001 |
1 Values are adjusted for sex, age, educational level (primary, secondary, or university), smoking status (current, former, or never smoker), physical activity (MET-h/week), time spent watching TV (h/week), energy intake (kcal/day), and morbidity (yes, no).2 Geometric means. LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; Hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance.