Table 1.
Characteristics of Danish Persons Born 1991–2012 by Maternal Smoking in Pregnancy and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder
| Maternal Smoking in Pregnancy | Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes N = 278 981 | No N = 1 015 925 | Yes N = 13 547 | No N = 1 281 359 | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 135 820 (48.68%) | 495 371 (48.76%) | 2 906 (21.45%) | 628 285 (49.03%) |
| Male | 143 161 (51.32%) | 520 554 (51.24%) | 10 641 (78.55%) | 653 074 (50.97%) |
| Parity | ||||
| 1 | 120 314 (43.13%) | 445 581 (43.86%) | 6 755 (49.86%) | 559 140 (43.64%) |
| 2 | 99 816 (35.78%) | 386 856 (38.08%) | 4 706 (34.74%) | 481 966 (37.61%) |
| 3 | 42 413 (15.20%) | 138 663 (13.65%) | 1 564 (11.54%) | 179 512 (14.01%) |
| 4 | 12 050 (4.32%) | 31 836 (3.13%) | 375 (2.77%) | 43 511 (3.40%) |
| >=5 | 4 388 (1.57%) | 12 989 (1.28%) | 147 (1.09%) | 17 230 (1.34%) |
| Birth Year | ||||
| 1991–1994 | 58 380 (20.93%) | 122 142 (12.02%) | 3’271 (24.15%) | 242 578 (18.93%) |
| 1995–1998 | 69 573 (24.94%) | 186 422 (18.35%) | 4’068 (30.03%) | 248’425 (19.39%) |
| 1999–2002 | 56 283 (20.17%) | 192 812 (18.98%) | 3 549 (26.20%) | 245’066 (19.13%) |
| 2003–2006 | 45 211 (16.21%) | 201 994 (19.88%) | 2 143 (15.82%) | 245’933 (19.19%) |
| 2007–2011 | 49 534 (17.76%) | 312 555 (30.77%) | 525 (3.88%) | 299’357 (23.36%) |
| Paternal Age (years) | ||||
| <=20 | 6 110 (2.19%) | 6 468 (0.64%) | 154 (1.14%) | 12 424 (0.97%) |
| 21–25 | 42 234 (15.14%) | 79 663 (7.84%) | 1 472 (10.87%) | 120 425 (9.40%) |
| 26–30 | 88 828 (31.84%) | 310 814 (30.59%) | 4 235 (31.26%) | 395 407 (30.86%) |
| 31–35 | 67 259 (24.11%) | 298 999 (29.43%) | 4 192 (30.94%) | 434 363 (33.90%) |
| >35 | 74 550 (26.72%) | 319 981 (31.50%) | 3 494 (25.79%) | 318 740 (24.88%) |
| Maternal Age (years) | ||||
| <=20 | 16 940 (6.07%) | 22 109 (2.18%) | 507 (3.74%) | 38 542 (3.01%) |
| 21–25 | 67 230 (24.10%) | 155 083 (15.27%) | 2 752 (20.31%) | 219 561 (17.14%) |
| 26–30 | 99 754 (35.76%) | 401 281 (39.50%) | 5 037 (37.18%) | 495 998 (38.71%) |
| 31–35 | 58 485 (20.96%) | 275 064 (27.08%) | 3 732 (27.55%) | 383 874 (29.96%) |
| >35 | 36 572 (13.11%) | 162 388 (15.98%) | 1 519 (11.21%) | 143 384 (11.19%) |
| Paternal Psychiatric Illness | ||||
| No | 242 131 (86.79%) | 949 186 (93.43%) | 11 715 (86.48%) | 1 179 602 (92.06%) |
| Yes | 36 850 (13.21%) | 66 739 (6.57%) | 1 832 (13.52%) | 101 757 (7.94%) |
| Maternal Psychiatric Illness | ||||
| No | 228 575 (81.93%) | 927 026 (91.35%) | 11 048 (81.55%) | 1 144 553 (89.32%) |
| Yes | 50 406 (18.07%) | 88 899 (8.65%) | 2 499 (18.45%) | 136 806 (10.68%) |
| Paternal Income | ||||
| 1. Quintile | 76 676 (27.48%) | 185 289 (18.24%) | 3 562 (26.29%) | 258 403 (20.17%) |
| 2. Quintile | 74 269 (26.62%) | 183 902 (18.10%) | 3 366 (24.85%) | 254 805 (19.89%) |
| 3. Quintile | 58 947 (21.13%) | 199 373 (19.62%) | 2 877 (21.24%) | 255 443 (19.94%) |
| 4. Qunitile | 42 778 (15.33%) | 215 372 (21.20%) | 2 125 (15.69%) | 256 025 (19.98%) |
| 5. Quintile | 26 311 (9.43%) | 231 989 (22.84%) | 1 617 (11.94%) | 256 683 (20.03%) |
| Maternal Income | ||||
| 1. Quintile | 70 155 (25.15%) | 189 035 (18.61%) | 3 582 (26.44%) | 255 608 (19.95%) |
| 2. Quintile | 82 004 (29.39%) | 176 836 (17.41%) | 3 451 (25.47%) | 255 389 (19.93%) |
| 3. Quintile | 61 129 (21.91%) | 197 909 (19.48%) | 2 749 (20.29%) | 256 289 (19.82%) |
| 4. Qunitile | 43 333 (15.53%) | 215 607 (21.22%) | 2 341 (17.28%) | 256 599 (20.03%) |
| 5. Quintile | 22 360 (8.01%) | 236 538 (23.28%) | 1 424 (10.51%) | 257 474 (20.09%) |
| Paternal Education | ||||
| Unknown | 10 415 (3.73%) | 39 194 (3.86%) | 492 (3.63%) | 49 117 (3.83%) |
| Elementary School | 971 (0.35%) | 4 744 (0.47%) | 42 (0.31%) | 5 673 (0.44%) |
| Secondary School | 234 911 (84.20%) | 651 211 (64.10%) | 9 797 (72.32%) | 876 325 (68.39%) |
| Tertiary education | 8 966 (3.21%) | 62 075 (6.11%) | 688 (5.08%) | 70 353 (5.49%) |
| University | 23 718 (8.50%) | 258 701 (25.46%) | 2 528 (18.66%) | 279 891 (21.84%) |
| Maternal Education | ||||
| Unknown | 6 263 (2.24%) | 35 368 (3.48%) | 318 (2.35%) | 41 313 (3.22%) |
| Elementary School | 1 153 (0.41%) | 8 667 (0.85%) | 67 (0.49%) | 9 753 (0.76%) |
| Secondary School | 233 763 (83.78%) | 587 808 (57.86%) | 9 623 (71.03%) | 811 921 (63.36%) |
| Tertiary education | 6 023 (2.16%) | 49 990 (4.92%) | 512 (3.78%) | 55 501 (4.33%) |
| University | 31 806 (11.40%) | 334 092 (32.89%) | 3 027 (22.34%) | 362 871 (28.32%) |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder | 3 882 (1.39%) | 9 665 (0.95%) | 13 547 | 0 |